Browsing by Subject "Tobacco Use"

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    ItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use.
    (Nature, 2022-12) Saunders, Gretchen RB; Wang, Xingyan; Chen, Fang; Jang, Seon-Kyeong; Liu, Mengzhen; Wang, Chen; Gao, Shuang; Jiang, Yu; Khunsriraksakul, Chachrit; Otto, Jacqueline M; Addison, Clifton; Akiyama, Masato; Albert, Christine M; Aliev, Fazil; Alonso, Alvaro; Arnett, Donna K; Ashley-Koch, Allison E; Ashrani, Aneel A; Barnes, Kathleen C; Barr, R Graham; Bartz, Traci M; Becker, Diane M; Bielak, Lawrence F; Benjamin, Emelia J; Bis, Joshua C; Bjornsdottir, Gyda; Blangero, John; Bleecker, Eugene R; Boardman, Jason D; Boerwinkle, Eric; Boomsma, Dorret I; Boorgula, Meher Preethi; Bowden, Donald W; Brody, Jennifer A; Cade, Brian E; Chasman, Daniel I; Chavan, Sameer; Chen, Yii-Der Ida; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Iona; Cho, Michael H; Choquet, Hélène; Cole, John W; Cornelis, Marilyn C; Cucca, Francesco; Curran, Joanne E; de Andrade, Mariza; Dick, Danielle M; Docherty, Anna R; Duggirala, Ravindranath; Eaton, Charles B; Ehringer, Marissa A; Esko, Tõnu; Faul, Jessica D; Fernandes Silva, Lilian; Fiorillo, Edoardo; Fornage, Myriam; Freedman, Barry I; Gabrielsen, Maiken E; Garrett, Melanie E; Gharib, Sina A; Gieger, Christian; Gillespie, Nathan; Glahn, David C; Gordon, Scott D; Gu, Charles C; Gu, Dongfeng; Gudbjartsson, Daniel F; Guo, Xiuqing; Haessler, Jeffrey; Hall, Michael E; Haller, Toomas; Harris, Kathleen Mullan; He, Jiang; Herd, Pamela; Hewitt, John K; Hickie, Ian; Hidalgo, Bertha; Hokanson, John E; Hopfer, Christian; Hottenga, JoukeJan; Hou, Lifang; Huang, Hongyan; Hung, Yi-Jen; Hunter, David J; Hveem, Kristian; Hwang, Shih-Jen; Hwu, Chii-Min; Iacono, William; Irvin, Marguerite R; Jee, Yon Ho; Johnson, Eric O; Joo, Yoonjung Y; Jorgenson, Eric; Justice, Anne E; Kamatani, Yoichiro; Kaplan, Robert C; Kaprio, Jaakko; Kardia, Sharon LR; Keller, Matthew C; Kelly, Tanika N; Kooperberg, Charles; Korhonen, Tellervo; Kraft, Peter; Krauter, Kenneth; Kuusisto, Johanna; Laakso, Markku; Lasky-Su, Jessica; Lee, Wen-Jane; Lee, James J; Levy, Daniel; Li, Liming; Li, Kevin; Li, Yuqing; Lin, Kuang; Lind, Penelope A; Liu, Chunyu; Lloyd-Jones, Donald M; Lutz, Sharon M; Ma, Jiantao; Mägi, Reedik; Manichaikul, Ani; Martin, Nicholas G; Mathur, Ravi; Matoba, Nana; McArdle, Patrick F; McGue, Matt; McQueen, Matthew B; Medland, Sarah E; Metspalu, Andres; Meyers, Deborah A; Millwood, Iona Y; Mitchell, Braxton D; Mohlke, Karen L; Moll, Matthew; Montasser, May E; Morrison, Alanna C; Mulas, Antonella; Nielsen, Jonas B; North, Kari E; Oelsner, Elizabeth C; Okada, Yukinori; Orrù, Valeria; Palmer, Nicholette D; Palviainen, Teemu; Pandit, Anita; Park, S Lani; Peters, Ulrike; Peters, Annette; Peyser, Patricia A; Polderman, Tinca JC; Rafaels, Nicholas; Redline, Susan; Reed, Robert M; Reiner, Alex P; Rice, John P; Rich, Stephen S; Richmond, Nicole E; Roan, Carol; Rotter, Jerome I; Rueschman, Michael N; Runarsdottir, Valgerdur; Saccone, Nancy L; Schwartz, David A; Shadyab, Aladdin H; Shi, Jingchunzi; Shringarpure, Suyash S; Sicinski, Kamil; Skogholt, Anne Heidi; Smith, Jennifer A; Smith, Nicholas L; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Stallings, Michael C; Stefansson, Hreinn; Stefansson, Kari; Stitzel, Jerry A; Sun, Xiao; Syed, Moin; Tal-Singer, Ruth; Taylor, Amy E; Taylor, Kent D; Telen, Marilyn J; Thai, Khanh K; Tiwari, Hemant; Turman, Constance; Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn; Wall, Tamara L; Walters, Robin G; Weir, David R; Weiss, Scott T; White, Wendy B; Whitfield, John B; Wiggins, Kerri L; Willemsen, Gonneke; Willer, Cristen J; Winsvold, Bendik S; Xu, Huichun; Yanek, Lisa R; Yin, Jie; Young, Kristin L; Young, Kendra A; Yu, Bing; Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Zöllner, Sebastian; Zuccolo, Luisa; 23andMe Research Team; Biobank Japan Project; Batini, Chiara; Bergen, Andrew W; Bierut, Laura J; David, Sean P; Gagliano Taliun, Sarah A; Hancock, Dana B; Jiang, Bibo; Munafò, Marcus R; Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E; Liu, Dajiang J; Vrieze, Scott
    Tobacco and alcohol use are heritable behaviours associated with 15% and 5.3% of worldwide deaths, respectively, due largely to broad increased risk for disease and injury1-4. These substances are used across the globe, yet genome-wide association studies have focused largely on individuals of European ancestries5. Here we leveraged global genetic diversity across 3.4 million individuals from four major clines of global ancestry (approximately 21% non-European) to power the discovery and fine-mapping of genomic loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use, to inform function of these loci via ancestry-aware transcriptome-wide association studies, and to evaluate the genetic architecture and predictive power of polygenic risk within and across populations. We found that increases in sample size and genetic diversity improved locus identification and fine-mapping resolution, and that a large majority of the 3,823 associated variants (from 2,143 loci) showed consistent effect sizes across ancestry dimensions. However, polygenic risk scores developed in one ancestry performed poorly in others, highlighting the continued need to increase sample sizes of diverse ancestries to realize any potential benefit of polygenic prediction.
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    Gestational exposure to nicotine and/or benzo[a]pyrene causes long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences.
    (Birth defects research, 2019-10) Hawkey, Andrew; Junaid, Shaqif; Yao, Leah; Spiera, Zachary; White, Hannah; Cauley, Marty; Levin, Edward D
    Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture that includes thousands of compounds. Previously, we have found that gestational exposure to the complex mixture of tobacco smoke extract caused long-term neurobehavioral impairments. In this study, we examined the interaction of two of the most biologically active, nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Developmental effects were determined in Sprague-Dawley rats prenatally exposed to low doses of BaP and nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/day of BaP and 2 mg/kg/day of nicotine) via maternal osmotic minipumps throughout gestation. Behavioral function was assessed in the offspring via a battery of tests through adolescence into adulthood. There were sex-selective effects in four of the behavioral tests. In the elevated plus maze, there was a significant interaction of BaP and sex, where BaP-treated males showed a trend for increased activity. In the novelty suppressed feeding test, there were significant sex selective effects in males such that the normal sex difference in the behavior in this test was eliminated. Male offspring with prenatal exposure to either nicotine or BaP showed significant reductions in fear response. In the Figure-8 locomotor activity test, BAP-exposed male offspring were significantly hyperactive. This also eliminated the sex difference typically seen in this test. This effect persisted into adulthood. In the attention task, males exposed to nicotine during gestation showed a significant percent hit impairment. BaP reversed this effect. No significant effects were seen with percent correct rejection. These data show that both nicotine and BaP cause persisting sex-selective behavioral effects that persist into adulthood.
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    Prevalence and patterns of opioid misuse and opioid use disorder among primary care patients who use tobacco.
    (Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019-01) John, William S; Zhu, He; Mannelli, Paolo; Subramaniam, Geetha A; Schwartz, Robert P; McNeely, Jennifer; Wu, Li-Tzy
    BACKGROUND:Current data suggest that opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (OUD) may be over represented among tobacco users. However, this association remains understudied in primary care settings. A better understanding of the extent of heterogeneity in opioid misuse among primary care patients who use tobacco may have implications for improved primary care-based screening, prevention, and intervention approaches. METHODS:Data were derived from a sample of 2000 adult (aged ≥18) primary care patients across 5 distinct clinics. Among past-year tobacco users (n = 882), we assessed the prevalence of opioid misuse and OUD by sociodemographic characteristics and past-year polysubstance use. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify heterogeneous subgroups of tobacco users according to past-year polysubstance use patterns. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine variables associated with LCA-defined class membership. RESULTS:Past-year tobacco use was reported by >84% of participants who reported past-year opioid misuse or OUD. Among those reporting past-year tobacco use, the prevalence of past-year opioid misuse and OUD was 14.0% and 9.5%, respectively. The prevalence of opioid misuse or OUD was highest among tobacco users who were male or unemployed. Three LCA-defined classes among tobacco users were identified including a tobacco-minimal drug use group (78.0%), a tobacco-cannabis use group (10.1%), and a tobacco-opioid/polydrug use group (11.9%). Class membership differed by sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:Results from this study support the benefit of more comprehensive assessment of and/or monitoring for opioid misuse among primary care patients who use tobacco, particularly for those who are male, unemployed, or polydrug users.
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    Psychiatric correlates of snuff and chewing tobacco use.
    (PLoS One, 2014) Fu, Qiang; Vaughn, Michael G; Wu, Li-Tzy; Heath, Andrew C
    Compared to the association between cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders, relatively little is known about the relationship between smokeless tobacco use and psychiatric disorders. To identify the psychiatric correlates of smokeless tobacco use, the analysis used a national representative sample from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave 1. Smokeless tobacco use was classified as exclusive snuff use, exclusive chewing tobacco, and dual use of both snuff and chewing tobacco at some time in the smokeless tobacco user's life. Lifetime psychiatric disorders were obtained via structured diagnostic interviews. The results show that the prevalence of lifetime exclusive snuff use, exclusive chewing tobacco, and dual use of both snuff and chewing tobacco was 2.16%, 2.52%, and 2.79%, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic variables and cigarette smoking, the odds of exclusive chewing tobacco in persons with panic disorder and specific phobia were 1.53 and 1.41 times the odds in persons without those disorders, respectively. The odds of exclusive snuff use, exclusive chewing tobacco, and dual use of both products for individuals with alcohol use disorder were 1.97, 2.01, and 2.99 times the odds for those without alcohol use disorder, respectively. Respondents with cannabis use disorder were 1.44 times more likely to use snuff exclusively than those without cannabis use disorder. Respondents with inhalant/solvent use disorder were associated with 3.33 times the odds of exclusive chewing tobacco. In conclusion, this study highlights the specific links of anxiety disorder, alcohol, cannabis, and inhalant/solvent use disorders with different types of smokeless tobacco use.
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    Tobacco use among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, and mixed-race individuals: 2002-2010.
    (Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013-09) Wu, Li-Tzy; Swartz, Marvin S; Burchett, Bruce; NIDA AAPI Workgroup; Blazer, Dan G
    Non-Hispanic Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHs/PIs), and mixed-race individuals are the fastest growing segments of the US population. We examined prevalences and correlates of tobacco use among these understudied groups. Prevalences among whites were included as a comparison.Data were drawn from the 2002-2010 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Respondents aged ≥12 years were assessed for current (past-month) use of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco, snuff), and pipe tobacco. Respondents' race/ethnicity, age, sex, household income, government assistance, urbanicity of residence, residential stability, self-rated health, alcohol use, and drug use were examined as correlates.Between 2002 and 2010, there was a decline in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among whites (26.9% in 2002; 24.3% in 2010) and Asian Americans (18.0% in 2002; 11.1% in 2010). Prevalence of pipe tobacco use among mixed-race individuals increased from 0.2% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2010; there was little change in the prevalence of cigar and smokeless tobacco use in these racial/ethnic groups. Adjusted analyses showed that, compared with Asian Americans, mixed-race individuals had greater odds of using four tobacco products, and NHs/PIs had greater odds of using cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco. Regardless of race/ethnicity, male sex was a correlate of use of cigars, smokeless tobacco, and pipe tobacco; alcohol and drug use increased the odds of cigarette and cigar smoking.These new findings show prevalent tobacco use among NHs/PIs and mixed-race individuals, and highlight the importance of including these populations in future research and reporting.