Browsing by Subject "Vital Capacity"

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    Impact of lung-function measures on cardiovascular disease events in older adults with metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
    (Clinical cardiology, 2018-07) Lee, Hwa Mu; Zhao, Yanglu; Liu, Michael A; Yanez, David; Carnethon, Mercedes; Graham Barr, R; Wong, Nathan D

    Background

    Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes (DM) are more likely to have decreased lung function and are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

    Hypothesis

    Lung-function measures can predict CVD events in older persons with MetS, DM, and neither condition.

    Methods

    We followed 4114 participants age ≥ 65 years with and without MetS or DM in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cox regression examined the association of forced vital capacity (FVC) and 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1 ; percent of predicted values) with incident coronary heart disease and CVD events over 12.9 years.

    Results

    DM was present in 537 (13.1%) and MetS in 1277 (31.0%) participants. Comparing fourth vs first quartiles for FVC, risk of CVD events was 16% (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.59-1.18), 23% (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.99), and 30% (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.84) lower in DM, MetS, and neither disease groups, respectively. For FEV1 , CVD risk was lower by 2% (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.70-1.37), 26% (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.93), and 31% (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57-0.82) in DM. Findings were strongest for predicting congestive heart failure (CHF) in all disease groups. C-statistics increased significantly with addition of FEV1 or FVC over risk factors for CVD and CHF among those with neither MetS nor DM.

    Conclusions

    FEV1 and FVC are inversely related to CVD in older adults with and without MetS, but not DM (except for CHF); however, their value in incremental risk prediction beyond standard risk factors is limited mainly to metabolically healthier persons.
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    Improved muscle function in a phase I/II clinical trial of albuterol in Pompe disease.
    (Molecular genetics and metabolism, 2020-02) Koeberl, Dwight D; Case, Laura E; Desai, Ankit; Smith, Edward C; Walters, Crista; Han, Sang-Oh; Thurberg, Beth L; Young, Sarah P; Bali, Deeksha; Kishnani, Priya S
    This 24-week, Phase I/II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the safety and efficacy of extended-release albuterol in late-onset Pompe disease stably treated with enzyme replacement therapy at the standard dose for 4.9 (1.0-9.4) years and with no contraindications to intake of albuterol. Twelve of 13 participants completed the study. No serious adverse events were related to albuterol, and transient minor drug-related adverse events included muscle spasms and tremors. For the albuterol group, forced vital capacity in the supine position increased by 10% (p < .005), and forced expiratory volume in one second increased by 8% (p < .05); the six-minute walk test increased 25 m (p < .05; excluding one participant unable to complete muscle function testing); the Gross Motor Function Measure increased by 8% (p < .005) with the greatest increases in the Standing (18%; p < .05) and Walking, Running, and Jumping (11%; p < .005) subtests. No significant improvements would be expected in patients with late-onset Pompe disease who were stably treated with enzyme replacement therapy. The placebo group demonstrated no significant increases in performance on any measure. These data support a potential benefit of extended-release albuterol as adjunctive therapy in carefully selected patients with late-onset Pompe disease based on ability to take albuterol on enzyme replacement therapy (NCT01885936).
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    Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in Interleukin-13-Suppressed Elastin in Airway Fibroblasts in Asthma.
    (American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2016-01) Ingram, Jennifer L; Slade, David; Church, Tony D; Francisco, Dave; Heck, Karissa; Sigmon, R Wesley; Ghio, Michael; Murillo, Anays; Firszt, Rafael; Lugogo, Njira L; Que, Loretta; Sunday, Mary E; Kraft, Monica
    Elastin synthesis and degradation in the airway and lung parenchyma contribute to airway mechanics, including airway patency and elastic recoil. IL-13 mediates many features of asthma pathobiology, including airway remodeling, but the effects of IL-13 on elastin architecture in the airway wall are not known. We hypothesized that IL-13 modulates elastin expression in airway fibroblasts from subjects with allergic asthma. Twenty-five subjects with mild asthma (FEV1, 89 ± 3% predicted) and 30 normal control subjects (FEV1, 102 ± 2% predicted) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy. Elastic fibers were visualized in airway biopsy specimens using Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin elastic stain. Airway fibroblasts were exposed to IL-13; a pan-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (GM6001); specific inhibitors to MMP-1, -2, -3, and -8; and combinations of IL-13 with MMP inhibitors in separate conditions in serum-free media for 48 hours. Elastin (ELN) expression as well as MMP secretion and activity were quantified. Results of this study show that elastic fiber staining of airway biopsy tissue was significantly associated with methacholine PC20 (i.e., the provocative concentration of methacholine resulting in a 20% fall in FEV1 levels) in patients with asthma. IL-13 significantly suppressed ELN expression in asthmatic airway fibroblasts as compared with normal control fibroblasts. The effect of IL-13 on ELN expression was significantly correlated with postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC in patients with asthma. MMP inhibition significantly stimulated ELN expression in patients with asthma as compared with normal control subjects. Specific inhibition of MMP-1 and MMP-2, but not MMP-3 or MMP-8, reversed the IL-13-induced suppression of ELN expression. In asthma, MMP-1 and MMP-2 mediate IL-13-induced suppression of ELN expression in airway fibroblasts.
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    Small-fiber neuropathy in pompe disease: first reported cases and prospective screening of a clinic cohort.
    (Am J Case Rep, 2015-04-03) Hobson-Webb, Lisa D; Austin, Stephanie L; Jain, Sneha; Case, Laura E; Greene, Karla; Kishnani, Priya S
    BACKGROUND: Prior autopsy reports demonstrate glycogen deposition in Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves in patients with infantile and late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), but little is known about associated clinical features. CASE REPORT: Here, we report the first confirmed cases of small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) in LOPD and present the results of a first attempt at screening for SFN in this patient population. After confirming small-fiber neuropathy in 2 LOPD patients, 44 consecutive Pompe patients (iOPD=7, LOPD n=37) presenting to the Duke University Glycogen Storage Disease Program between September 2013 and November 2014 were asked to complete the 21-item Small-Fiber Neuropathy Screening List (SFNSL), where a score of ≥11 is considered to be a positive screen. Fifty percent of patients had a positive SFN screen (mean score 11.6, 95% CI 9.0-14.2). A modest correlation between the SFNSL score and current age was seen (r=0.38, p=0.01), along with a correlation with duration of ERT (r=0.31, p=0.0495). Trends toward correlation with forced vital capacity and age at diagnosis were also present. Women had a higher mean SFNSL score (14.2) than men (8.2, p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: SFN may occur in association with Pompe disease and precede the diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine its true prevalence and impact.