Browsing by Subject "Wounds, Gunshot"

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    Abdominal Gunshot Causing Ventricular Septal Injury Without Perforation into the Pericardium.
    (Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2019-03-01) Sigurdsson, Martin I; Brockbank, Benjamin; Haney, John C; Andrews, Jon; MacLeod, David B; Vaslef, Steven N; Brooks, Kelli R; Manning, Erin L; Nicoara, Alina
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    Assault rifles; definitions, evolutionary history and medical consequences.
    (Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association, 1990-12) Severance, HW
    In summary, the evolutionary history of assault rifles may be of interest to some medical practitioners. It is important to realize that the term "assault rifle" is incorrectly and overused in the lay press. As a rough generalization, the wounds from such weapons may fall in between those of handguns on one side and full-sized rifles on the other. The major caveat is that there can be major variations in the severity of any wound by any weapon and though it may be of some help in analyzing potential damage, knowledge of the inflicting weapon does not replace the need for good, well established principles of wound management.
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    Correcting Misinformation on Firearms Injuries.
    (JAMA network open, 2022-12) Cook, Philip J; Parker, Susan T
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    Easiness of Legal Access to Concealed Firearm Permits and Homicide Rates in the United States.
    (American journal of public health, 2017-12) Siegel, Michael; Xuan, Ziming; Ross, Craig S; Galea, Sandro; Kalesan, Bindu; Fleegler, Eric; Goss, Kristin A

    Objectives

    To examine the relation of "shall-issue" laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; "may-issue" laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates.

    Methods

    We compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis.

    Results

    Shall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide.

    Conclusions

    Shall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide.
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    State Intimate Partner Violence-Related Firearm Laws and Intimate Partner Homicide Rates in the United States, 1991 to 2015.
    (Annals of internal medicine, 2017-10) Díez, Carolina; Kurland, Rachel P; Rothman, Emily F; Bair-Merritt, Megan; Fleegler, Eric; Xuan, Ziming; Galea, Sandro; Ross, Craig S; Kalesan, Bindu; Goss, Kristin A; Siegel, Michael

    Background

    To prevent intimate partner homicide (IPH), some states have adopted laws restricting firearm possession by intimate partner violence (IPV) offenders. "Possession" laws prohibit the possession of firearms by these offenders. "Relinquishment" laws prohibit firearm possession and also explicitly require offenders to surrender their firearms. Few studies have assessed the effect of these policies.

    Objective

    To study the association between state IPV-related firearm laws and IPH rates over a 25-year period (1991 to 2015).

    Design

    Panel study.

    Setting

    United States, 1991 to 2015.

    Participants

    Homicides committed by intimate partners, as identified in the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports, Supplementary Homicide Reports.

    Measurements

    IPV-related firearm laws (predictor) and annual, state-specific, total, and firearm-related IPH rates (outcome).

    Results

    State laws that prohibit persons subject to IPV-related restraining orders from possessing firearms and also require them to relinquish firearms in their possession were associated with 9.7% lower total IPH rates (95% CI, 3.4% to 15.5% reduction) and 14.0% lower firearm-related IPH rates (CI, 5.1% to 22.0% reduction) than in states without these laws. Laws that did not explicitly require relinquishment of firearms were associated with a non-statistically significant 6.6% reduction in IPH rates.

    Limitations

    The model did not control for variation in implementation of the laws. Causal interpretation is limited by the observational and ecological nature of the analysis.

    Conclusion

    Our findings suggest that state laws restricting firearm possession by persons deemed to be at risk for perpetrating intimate partner abuse may save lives. Laws requiring at-risk persons to surrender firearms already in their possession were associated with lower IPH rates.

    Primary funding source

    Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
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    Valuing the benefits of reducing firearm violence in the United States.
    (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025-01) Cook, Philip J; Jeuland, Marc; Ludwig, Jens
    Justifying a proposed government regulation intended to reduce firearm violence requires a conceptually sound estimate of the monetized value of that impact and how that value is distributed across the population. Some previous estimates do not serve as a valid basis for policy evaluation or are out of date. A nationally representative survey was conducted by the AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research in August 2022 (n = 660). The authors designed and added a series of contingent-valuation items to the questionnaire. Double-bounded estimates of willingness-to-pay (WTP) were derived from a regression analysis of responses regarding voting on a hypothetical referendum on a state-wide package of measures designed to reduce gun violence at specified cost to taxpayers. Average WTP for a reduction of 20% in the state rate of gun violence was $744 per household (IQR:$668-$928), implying a national total of $97.6 billion. Household WTP was positively associated with household income, the respondent's assessment of the seriousness of gun violence in their community and the subjective likelihood that they would become a victim of gun violence. A variety of tests support the claim that this application of the contingent-valuation method provided valid results. WTP is the recognized basis for assessing the value of proposed federal regulations. The estimated WTP for reducing gun violence is about twice as high as a recent cost-of-injury estimate and provides a much different picture of the incidence of costs by income and demographic characteristics.