Browsing by Subject "experience"
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access Age Differences in Striatal Delay Sensitivity during Intertemporal Choice in Healthy Adults.(Front Neurosci, 2011) Samanez-Larkin, Gregory R; Mata, Rui; Radu, Peter T; Ballard, Ian C; Carstensen, Laura L; McClure, Samuel MIntertemporal choices are a ubiquitous class of decisions that involve selecting between outcomes available at different times in the future. We investigated the neural systems supporting intertemporal decisions in healthy younger and older adults. Using functional neuroimaging, we find that aging is associated with a shift in the brain areas that respond to delayed rewards. Although we replicate findings that brain regions associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system respond preferentially to immediate rewards, we find a separate region in the ventral striatum with very modest time dependence in older adults. Activation in this striatal region was relatively insensitive to delay in older but not younger adults. Since the dopamine system is believed to support associative learning about future rewards over time, our observed transfer of function may be due to greater experience with delayed rewards as people age. Identifying differences in the neural systems underlying these decisions may contribute to a more comprehensive model of age-related change in intertemporal choice.Item Open Access Essays on Knowledge Intensive Groups(2009) Zhu, XiumeiExpertise is regarded as the most important asset for groups working on knowledge-intensive tasks. This dissertation advances a multi-dimensional conception of group expertise that includes depth, breadth and variety as three distinct dimensions, and develops a model of the joint effect of the three dimensions on knowledge sharing and group performance. Two empirical studies test different components of the model. Using data on 174 groups from a Fortune 500 telecommunications company, one study supports the hypothesis that depth of group expertise will have a less positive effect on group performance as breadth of group expertise increases, particularly when groups engage in a low level of external task process. Using data on knowledge sharing networks among 44 employees of a supply chain service organization, the second study probes into dyadic interactions underlying group process, and tests how individual variety of experience, functional department experience (proxy for depth of expertise at the individual level), and dyadic functional difference (proxy for breadth of expertise at the dyadic level) affect dyadic knowledge sharing. Results show that individual variety of experience improves ease of knowledge sharing, and that the negative effect of functional department experience on ease of knowledge sharing is mitigated by individual variety of experience. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are considered, and directions for future studies are discussed.
Item Open Access Materializing Depths: The Potential of Contemporary Art and Media(2016) Choi, Jung EunThis dissertation argues that critical practices in the expanded field of art, technology, and space illustrate the potential of twenty-first century media by materializing depths of our experiential dimensions. Scholarship on digital embodiment and materialism in art, media studies, and aesthetics has paid much attention to the central role played by the human body in contemporary media environments. Grounded in these studies, however, this study moves forward to understand the more fundamental quality that grounds and conditions the experience of the human body—namely depth.
Drawing on diverse disciplines, such as art history, visual studies, media studies, critical theory, phenomenology, and aesthetics, this study provides a reconstruction of the notion of depth to unpack the complex dimensionality of human experiences that are solicited by different critical spatial practices. As a spatial medium that produces the body subject and the world through the process of intertwining, depth points to an environmental affordance that prepares or conditions the ways in which the body processes the information in the world. The dimension of depth is not available to natural human perception. However, incorporating twenty-first century media that are seamlessly embedded in physical environments, critical spatial practices sensibly materialize the virtual dimensions of depth by animating space in a way that is different from the past.
This dissertation provides comprehensive analyses of these critical spatial practices by artists who create constructed situations that bring the experiential dimensions of depth to the fore. The acknowledgement of depth allows us to understand the spatialities of bodies and their implication in the vaster worldly spatiality. In doing so, this study attends to major contemporary philosophical and aesthetic challenges by reframing the body as the locus of subjectivity that is always interdependent upon broader sociocultural and technological environments.
Item Open Access Nursing Students' Perceptions and Experiences of Using Virtual Simulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.(Clinical simulation in nursing, 2021-11) Kim, Mi Jong; Kang, Hee Sun; De Gagne, Jennie CBackground
This study aimed to understand prelicensure nursing students' perceptions and experiences of using virtual simulation as an alternative to clinical practice during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Korea.Methods
A total of 20 students from a 4-year baccalaureate nursing program participated in this descriptive qualitative study. Six focus group interviews using Zoom video communications were conducted with three to four participants to understand their experiences. Data were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach.Results
The following three major themes emerged: (a) difficulties encountered in using virtual simulation, (b) benefits to student confidence and competence to provide patient-centered care, and (c) gaps in satisfaction due to needed improvements.Conclusions
Virtual simulation could be beneficial for improving prelicensure nursing students' confidence and competence; however, improvements to virtual simulation realism and engagement are needed to maximize user satisfaction and performance.Item Open Access REMARKS ON THE RIDDLE-CHARACTER OF ART AND METAPHYSICAL EXPERIENCE(CONSTELACIONES-REVISTA DE TEORIA CRITICA, 2020) Pickford, Henry W