Browsing by Subject "history"
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Item Open Access Charles Eliot Norton The Art of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America(2010) Lyons, MauraItem Open Access Dr. Ruth Jackson: the legacy of the first female spine surgeon.(Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 2022-05) Srinivasan, Ethan S; Erickson, Melissa M; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Than, Khoi DDr. Ruth Jackson, born in 1902, was the first female spine surgeon on record. Her story of remarkable resilience and sacrifice is even more relevant given the stark gender disparities in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery that remain today. Dr. Jackson entered the field during the Great Depression and overcame significant barriers at each step along the process. In 1937, she became the first woman to pass the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery examination and join the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons as a full member. Her work in the cervical spine led to a notable lecture record and the publication of several articles, as well as a book, The Cervical Syndrome, in which she discussed the anatomy, etiology, and treatment of cervical pathologies. Additionally, Dr. Jackson developed the Jackson CerviPillo, a neck support that is still in use today. She left a legacy that continues to resonate through the work of the Ruth Jackson Orthopedic Society, which supports women at all levels of practice and training. From the story of Dr. Jackson's life, we can appreciate her single-minded determination that blazed a path for women in spine surgery, as well as consider the progress that remains to be made.Item Open Access Global Imbalances and the Lessons of Bretton Woods(2010) TONIOLO, GIANNIItem Open Access Global Maya: Work and Ideology in Rural Guatemala(2010) Ennis, MichaelItem Open Access HOPE and the Journal Literature in the History of Economic Thought(1983) De, Marchi NeilWhat sorts of changes should we expect to see following the advent of a new specialist journal? Will the flow of articles from the related subdiscipline which appear in generalist journals diminish? Will the new journal act as a catalyst? One can easily imagine that papers of a more specialist character will be attracted to the new journal, but these may be diverted from other journals, or represent a sort of latent supply, the work of ‘discouraged’ scholars who have found no outlet in the generalist journals. It may also turn out that, almost by tacit agreement between authors and editors, the new journal comes to be ‘allocated’ papers on narrowly defined or limited-interest topics, while the space previously given to such work in generalist journals remains available but is filled-appropriately- by papers still within the purview of the subdiscipline, but of wider than specialist appeal.Item Open Access Infectious Fear: Politics, Disease, and the Health Effects of Segregation.(2009) Humphreys, MargaretItem Open Access Item Open Access Methodology: A Comment on Frazer and Boland, I(1984) Hirsch, Abraham; De, Marchi NeilMilton Friedman has been taken by some to be a follower of the logical positivists and by others a disciple of the philosopher Karl Popper, but until recently not enough has been said by way of support for such claims to make it possible to evaluate their substance. Recently, however, Laurence Boland (1979) has suggested that Friedman should rather be considered an "instrumentalist," meaning by this that for Friedman "theories are convenient and useful ways of (logically) generating what have turned out to be true (or successful) predictions or conclusions" (pp. 508-09) and Boland has given us a substantive analysis of his position. More recently Boland has combined forces with William Frazer (1983) to try to demonstrate that while Friedman is an instrumental thinker, and instrumentalismis a point of view against which Popper has argued vigorously still Friedman's instrumentalismis in some sense compatible with Popper's falsificationist doctrine. These efforts are certainly in the right direction. A major reason there has been so little return on such a vast amount of discussion about Friedman's methodologyi s that t4e many participantsin the debate have focussed on one or another aspect of Friedman's formulations without trying to determine what general point of view underlay his approach. Boland has dug deeper, and with Frazer has set out to show one of the fruits of this approach. The effort is therefore to be applauded for what it tries to do. But for reasons that will be given in this comment, Frazer and Boland wind up with a quite distorted picture.Item Open Access Mill and Cairnes and the Emergence of Marginalism in England(1972) De, Marchi NeilIt is well known that marginalist concepts appeared in economic literature before 1871. As far as England is concerned, the notion of diminishing marginal utility, for example, was spelt out in the 1830’s and again in the 1850’s. And Jevons hit upon and outlined his special view of political economy a full decade before the Theory of Political Economy was published.Item Open Access Otto Neurath's Economics in Context(2009) Caldwell, BruceItem Open Access Pioneers in Development: Second Series(1988) Kuran, TimurMost doubtful, though, is Gruchy's unbridled faith in planning. The unpredictable dynamics Gruchy finds in economic systems argue strongly against centralized planning, as neo- Austrians suggest. At the practical level most relevant to institutionalism, economic regula- tion has too frequently led to either chaos, rent seeking, or "capture" by the regulated.Item Open Access Terra Incognita Mapping the Antipodes before 1600(2010) Ramaswamy, SumathiItem Open Access The Moral Force of Indigenous Politics: Critical Liberalism and the Zapatistas.(2010) Ennis, MichaelItem Open Access The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974(2010) Kuniholm, BruceItem Open Access The Years of High Econometrics: A Short History of the Generation that Reinvented Economics(2010) Hoover, Kevin DItem Open Access Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future.(Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 2019-05) Smith, Justin S; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Ames, Christopher P; Lenke, Lawrence GCare of the patient with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has evolved from being primarily supportive to now having the ability to directly treat and correct the spinal pathology. The focus of this narrative literature review is to briefly summarize the history of ASD treatment, discuss the current state of the art of ASD care with focus on surgical treatment and current challenges, and conclude with a discussion of potential developments related to ASD surgery.In the past, care for ASD was primarily based on supportive measures, including braces and assistive devices, with few options for surgical treatments that were often deemed high risk and reserved for rare situations. Advances in anesthetic and critical care, surgical techniques, and instrumentation now enable almost routine surgery for many patients with ASD. Despite the advances, there are many remaining challenges currently impacting the care of ASD patients, including increasing numbers of elderly patients with greater comorbidities, high complication and reoperation rates, and high procedure cost without clearly demonstrated cost-effectiveness based on standard criteria. In addition, there remains considerable variability across multiple aspects of ASD surgery. For example, there is currently very limited ability to provide preoperative individualized counseling regarding optimal treatment approaches (e.g., operative vs nonoperative), complication risks with surgery, durability of surgery, and likelihood of achieving individualized patient goals and satisfaction. Despite the challenges associated with the current state-of-the-art ASD treatment, surgery continues to be a primary option, as multiple reports have demonstrated the potential for surgery to significantly improve pain and disability. The future of ASD care will likely include techniques and technologies to markedly reduce complication rates, including greater use of navigation and robotics, and a shift toward individualized medicine that enables improved counseling, preoperative planning, procedure safety, and patient satisfaction.Advances in the care of ASD patients have been remarkable over the past few decades. The current state of the art enables almost routine surgical treatment for many types of ASD that have the potential to significantly improve pain and disability. However, significant challenges remain, including high complication rates, lack of demonstrated cost-effectiveness, and limited ability to meaningfully counsel patients preoperatively on an individual basis. The future of ASD surgery will require continued improvement of predictability, safety, and sustainability.