Browsing by Subject "occupational therapy"

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    An integrative review of social and occupational factors influencing health and wellbeing.
    (Frontiers in psychology, 2015-01) Gallagher, MaryBeth; Muldoon, Orla T; Pettigrew, Judith
    Therapeutic approaches to health and wellbeing have traditionally assumed that meaningful activity or occupation contributes to health and quality of life. Within social psychology, everyday activities and practices that fill our lives are believed to be shaped by structural and systemic factors and in turn these practices can form the basis of social identities. In occupational therapy these everyday activities are called occupations. Occupations can be understood as a contextually bound synthesis of meaningful doing, being, belonging and becoming that influence health and wellbeing. We contend that an integrative review of occupational therapy and social psychology literature will enhance our ability to understand the relationship between social structures, identity and dimensions of occupation by elucidating how they inform one another, and how taken together they augment our understanding of health and wellbeing This review incorporates theoretical and empirical works purposively sampled from databases within EBSCO including CINAHL, psychINFO, psychArticles, and Web of Science. Search terms included: occupation, therapy, social psychology, occupational science, health, wellbeing, identity, structures and combinations of these terms. In presenting this review, we argue that doing, being and belonging may act as an important link to widely acknowledged relationships between social factors and health and wellbeing, and that interventions targeting individual change may be problematic.
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    OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY OUTCOMES WITH TARGETED HYPER-REINNERVATION NERVE TRANSFER SURGERY : TWO CASE STUDIES
    (2005) Stubblefield, K.A.; Miller, L.A.; Lipschutz, R.D.; Heckathorne, C.W.; Phillips, M.E.; Kuiken, T.A.
    The control of prostheses, both externally powered and body powered, increases in complexity with higher levels of amputation. The externally powered prosthesis has a limited number of options for controlling multiple joints myo-electrically. Some method is necessary to switch control between functions (ie: elbow and hand). Targeted hyper-reinnervation nerve transfer surgery has the potential to greatly improve control of the electric prosthesis for the above elbow and shoulder disarticulation subjects by increasing the number of control options available. When the limb is lost the Brachial Plexus typically remains intact. The nerve supply to the missing limb is viable and connected to the motor cortex, but the motor end points served are gone. In nerve transfer surgery, the peripheral nerve is relocated to an area of denervated muscle tissue in the residual limb –a muscle that no longer moves the missing limb. Hyper-reinnervation occurs resulting in an area of say the Biceps, being controlled by the Median Nerve (in the intact limb, the Median Nerve supplied finger and wrist flexors). A muscle contraction occurs in the graft area of the Biceps when the subject attempts to close his hand. A myo-control site is added if the subject can isolate the contraction from that of the Biceps muscle served by the Musculocutaneous Nerve distribution.