Browsing by Subject "self-regulation"
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Item Embargo Finding the Context in Self-Regulation: Definition, Applications, and Implications of a Context-Based Organizational Framework(2024) Chardulo Dias De Andrade, FernandaThere is wide variation in the empirical evidence of a relationship between self-regulation and health-related behaviors. This variability owes to, at least in part, a lack of systematic distinction between instances in which self-regulation could influence behavior and instances in which it could not, regardless of a person’s standing on this construct. Without this distinction, the true influence of self-regulation on behavior is aggregated with irrelevant relationships. This dissertation introduces a framework that systematically organizes the context into features common to and shared by self-regulation strategies, with the aim of improving the understanding of when and how self-regulation influences behavior. To start, Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the ways in which context has been studied in social psychology and personality fields. Based on this summary, Chapter 2 introduces the framework for describing and organizing the features of contexts and then applies the framework to four self-regulation strategies. Chapter 2 ends with an illustration of how the framework can help identify when and how self-regulation can influence behavior. Chapters 3 through 6 empirically examine this framework by presenting the accepted versions of four published manuscripts. Specifically, Chapter 3 reports a qualitative study of descriptions of self-control challenges and their consequences, demonstrating that the contexts in which people make decisions about their behaviors shape what is possible, desirable, and overall adaptive. Chapter 4 reports a meta-analysis of the published and unpublished literature on the relationship between self-control and several behaviors within the domains of physical activity, healthy eating, and healthier sleep. The chapter discusses possible explanations for the variable associations between self-control and behaviors in these domains, including a lack of fit between what self-control assumes and what studies assess and the possibility that certain behaviors—as they were defined—relied on strategies other than self-control. Chapters 5 and 6 build upon Chapter 4 by examining how contextual changes shift the dynamic between self-regulation and behavior. Specifically, Chapter 5 reports a study that examined the influence of context on the relationship between self-regulation strategies and ten categories of behaviors. This study showed that context changes influenced the extent to which behaviors were habitual or routine-like, but that self-control reduced the likelihood that behavior changed along with the severity of context changes. Chapter 6 reports a secondary analysis of longitudinal data on substance use in adolescence. This study examined whether the context could overwhelm the protective effect of self-control against adolescent alcohol use. To conclude this dissertation, Chapter 7 offers a general discussion of how my work has investigated the various features of the proposed framework, how the proposed framework may be extended, and the directions of my future research.
Item Open Access Fraud: An American History from Barnum to Madoff(2017-02-01) Balleisen, EJEconomic duplicity has bedeviled American markets from the founding of the Republic. This wide-ranging history emphasizes the enduring connections between capitalist innovation and business fraud, as well as the vexed efforts by private organizations and state agencies to curb the worst economic deceptions. Placing recent fraud scandals in long-term context, the book argues that we rely solely on a policy of caveat emptor at our peril; and that a mixture of public education, sensible disclosure rules, and targeted enforcement campaigns can contain the problem of business fraud.Item Open Access Revising a Self-Regulation Phenotype for Depression Through Individual Differences in Macroscale Brain Organization.(Current directions in psychological science, 2023-08) Strauman, Timothy J; Hariri, Ahmad RSelf-regulation denotes the processes by which people initiate, maintain, and control their own thoughts, behaviors, or emotions to produce a desired outcome or avoid an undesired outcome. Self-regulation brings the influence of distal factors such as biology, temperament, and socialization history onto cognition, motivation, and behavior. Dysfunction in self-regulation represents a contributory causal factor for psychopathology. Accordingly, we previously proposed a risk phenotype model for depression drawing from regulatory focus theory and traditional task-based fMRI studies. In this article, we revise and expand our risk phenotype model using insights from new methodologies allowing quantification of individual differences in task-free macroscale brain organization. We offer a set of hypotheses as examples of how examination of intrinsic macroscale brain organization can extend and enrich investigations of self-regulation and depression. In doing so, we hope to promote a useful heuristic for model development and for identifying transdiagnostic risk phenotypes in psychopathology.Item Open Access Self-system therapy for distress associated with persistent low back pain: A randomized clinical trial.(Psychother Res, 2016-07) Waters, Sandra J; Strauman, Timothy J; McKee, Daphne C; Campbell, Lisa C; Shelby, Rebecca A; Dixon, Kim E; Fras, Anne Marie; Keefe, Francis JOBJECTIVE: Persistent low back pain (PLBP) is associated with vulnerability to depression. PLBP frequently requires major changes in occupation and lifestyle, which can lead to a sense of failing to attain one's personal goals (self-discrepancy). METHOD: We conducted a clinical trial to examine the efficacy of self-system therapy (SST), a brief structured therapy for depression based on self-discrepancy theory. A total of 101 patients with PLBP and clinically significant depressive symptoms were randomized either to SST, pain education, or standard care. RESULTS: Patients receiving SST showed significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms. Reduction in self-discrepancy predicted reduction in depressive symptoms only within the SST condition. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the utility of SST for individuals facing persistent pain and associated depression.Item Open Access Treatment of Depression From a Self-Regulation Perspective: Basic Concepts and Applied Strategies in Self-System Therapy.(Cognit Ther Res, 2017-02) Strauman, Timothy J; Eddington, Kari MSelf-regulation models of psychopathology provide a theory-based, empirically supported framework for developing psychotherapeutic interventions that complement and extend current cognitive-behavioral models. However, many clinicians are only minimally familiar with the psychology of self-regulation. The aim of the present manuscript is twofold. First, we provide an overview of self-regulation as a motivational process essential to well-being and introduce two related theories of self-regulation which have been applied to depression. Second, we describe how self-regulatory concepts and processes from those two theories have been translated into psychosocial interventions, focusing specifically on self-system therapy (SST), a brief structured treatment for depression that targets personal goal pursuit. Two randomized controlled trials have shown that SST is superior to cognitive therapy for depressed clients with specific self-regulatory deficits, and both studies found evidence that SST works in part by restoring adaptive self-regulation. Self-regulation-based psychotherapeutic approaches to depression hold significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy and ultimately may provide an individualizable framework for treatment planning.