Browsing by Subject "sub‐Saharan Africa"

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    Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Northern Tanzania: A Modeling Approach Within a Prospective Observational Study.
    (Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021-08) Hertz, Julian T; Madut, Deng B; Rubach, Matthew P; William, Gwamaka; Crump, John A; Galson, Sophie W; Maro, Venance P; Bloomfield, Gerald S; Limkakeng, Alexander T; Temu, Gloria; Thielman, Nathan M; Sakita, Francis M
    Background Rigorous incidence data for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Consequently, modeling studies based on limited data have suggested that the burden of AMI and AMI-associated mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is lower than in other world regions. Methods and Results We estimated the incidence of AMI in northern Tanzania in 2019 by integrating data from a prospective surveillance study (681 participants) and a community survey of healthcare-seeking behavior (718 participants). In the surveillance study, adults presenting to an emergency department with chest pain or shortness of breath were screened for AMI with ECG and troponin testing. AMI was defined by the Fourth Universal Definition of AMI criteria. Mortality was assessed 30 days following enrollment via in-person or telephone interviews. In the cluster-based community survey, adults in northern Tanzania were asked where they would present for chest pain or shortness of breath. Multipliers were applied to account for AMI cases that would have been missed by our surveillance methods. The estimated annual incidence of AMI was 172 (207 among men and 139 among women) cases per 100 000 people. The age-standardized annual incidence was 211 (263 among men and 170 among women) per 100 000 people. The estimated annual incidence of AMI-associated mortality was 87 deaths per 100 000 people, and the age-standardized annual incidence was 102 deaths per 100 000 people. Conclusions The incidence of AMI and AMI-associated mortality in northern Tanzania is much higher than previously estimated and similar to that observed in high-income countries.
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    Spatial patterns of market participation and resource extraction: Fuelwood collection in Northern Uganda
    (American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2017-07-01) Miteva, DA; Kramer, RA; Brown, ZS; Smith, MD
    While distance to markets is a key determinant of market participation for households that are dependent on natural resources, the distance to the resource stock is also essential. Thus, a household's location with respect to markets and the resource stock determines household market participation and associated resource degradation. Applying a discrete-choice framework for fuelwood collection in a developing country, we characterize the spatial pattern of market participation regimes and forest use. All else being equal, autarkic households are closest to the forest and furthest from the market, buyer households are closest to the market and furthest from the forest, and seller households are at intermediate distances. Empirical tests based on survey data from northern Uganda support the predictions from our theoretical model. Our findings have important implications for understanding the spatial patterns of forest degradation and determining the control group when designing impact evaluations of the effectiveness of development and conservation interventions.