Browsing by Author "Crump, John A"
Now showing items 1-20 of 52
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A cloud-compatible bioinformatics pipeline for ultrarapid pathogen identification from next-generation sequencing of clinical samples.
(Genome Res, 2014-07)Unbiased next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches enable comprehensive pathogen detection in the clinical microbiology laboratory and have numerous applications for public health surveillance, outbreak investigation, ... -
A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa.
(Clin Infect Dis, 2016-03-15)BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a predominant cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Increasing numbers of S. Typhi with resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from different ... -
A randomized controlled trial of standard versus intensified tuberculosis diagnostics on treatment decisions by physicians in Northern Tanzania.
(BMC Infect Dis, 2014-02-20)BACKGROUND: Routine tuberculosis culture remains unavailable in many high-burden areas, including Tanzania. This study sought to determine the impact of providing mycobacterial culture results over standard of care ... -
Bacteremic disseminated tuberculosis in sub-saharan Africa: a prospective cohort study.
(Clin Infect Dis, 2012-07)BACKGROUND: Disseminated tuberculosis is a major health problem in countries where generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemics coincide with high tuberculosis incidence rates; data are limited on patient ... -
Bloodstream Infections and Frequency of Pretreatment Associated With Age and Hospitalization Status in Sub-Saharan Africa.
(Clin Infect Dis, 2015-11-01)BACKGROUND: The clinical diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is routinely confused with malaria due to overlapping symptoms. The Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) recruited ... -
Brucellosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania.
(Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2012-12)Acute and convalescent serum samples were collected from febrile inpatients identified at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed brucellosis was defined as a positive blood culture or a ≥ 4-fold increase in ... -
Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries.
(Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2013-10)PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human brucellosis is a neglected, underrecognized infection of widespread geographic distribution. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock ... -
Challenges of Maintaining Good Clinical Laboratory Practices in Low-Resource Settings: A Health Program Evaluation Framework Case Study From East Africa.
(Am J Clin Pathol, 2016-08)OBJECTIVES: Using a clinical research laboratory as a case study, we sought to characterize barriers to maintaining Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) services in a developing world setting. METHODS: Using a US Centers ... -
Changes in HIV risk behavior and seroincidence among clients presenting for repeat HIV counseling and testing in Moshi, Tanzania.
(AIDS Care, 2012)While HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has been considered an HIV preventive measure in Africa, data are limited describing behavior changes following HCT. This study evaluated behavior changes and estimated HIV seroincidence ... -
Chikungunya and dengue fever among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania.
(Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2012-01)Consecutive febrile admissions were enrolled at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed acute Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), and flavivirus infection were defined as a positive polymerase chain reaction ... -
Comparing actual and perceived causes of fever among community members in a low malaria transmission setting in northern Tanzania.
(Trop Med Int Health, 2013-11)OBJECTIVE: To compare actual and perceived causes of fever in northern Tanzania. METHODS: In a standardised survey, heads of households in 30 wards in Moshi, Tanzania, were asked to identify the most common cause of fever ... -
Cross-platform analysis of HIV-1 RNA data generated by a multicenter assay validation study with wide geographic representation.
(J Clin Microbiol, 2012-08)HIV-1 RNA quantitation continues to be extremely important for monitoring patients infected with HIV-1, and a number of assays have been utilized for this purpose. Differences in assay performance with respect to log(10) ... -
Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Acute-Febrile-Illness Outbreak Investigation and Surveillance of Emerging Pathogens, Including Ebola Virus.
(J Clin Microbiol, 2016-01)Acute febrile illness (AFI) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet an etiologic agent is often not identified. Convalescent-phase serology is impractical, blood culture is slow, and many pathogens ... -
Differential Killing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi by Antibodies Targeting Vi and Lipopolysaccharide O:9 Antigen.
(PLoS One, 2016)Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expresses a capsule of Vi polysaccharide, while most Salmonella serovars, including S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, do not. Both S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis express the lipopolysaccharide ... -
Distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in the Kilimanjaro Region of northern Tanzania.
(Pathog Glob Health, 2016-05)Little is known about the presence and distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in northern Tanzania despite the occurence of viruses transmitted by these mosquitoes such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) in the ... -
Early versus delayed fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine in patients with HIV and tuberculosis in Tanzania.
(AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2009-12)Fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (ABC/3TC/ZDV) among HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB)-coinfected patients was evaluated and outcomes between early vs. delayed initiation were compared. In a randomized, pilot ... -
Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review.
(PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014-04)BACKGROUND: Q fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology ... -
Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in Africa: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Zoonosis and a Paradigm for 'One Health' in Africa.
(PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015)BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is an important but neglected bacterial zoonosis that has been largely overlooked in Africa. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarise and compare current knowledge of: (1) the geographic ... -
Establishment of biochemistry reference values for healthy Tanzanian infants, children and adolescents in Kilimanjaro Region.
(Trop Med Int Health, 2015-11)OBJECTIVE: To establish common biochemistry reference intervals for Tanzanian infants, children and adolescents living in the Kilimanjaro Region. METHODS: We recruited healthy, HIV-uninfected Tanzanian infants, children ... -
Estimating leptospirosis incidence using hospital-based surveillance and a population-based health care utilization survey in Tanzania.
(PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013)BACKGROUND: The incidence of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease, is uncertain in Tanzania and much of sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in scarce data on which to prioritize resources for public health interventions ...
