Browsing by Subject "Cellular biology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 255
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A Central Role for Hypoxia-inducible Transcription Factor Signaling in the Regulation of Skeletal Lineage Cells
(2022)Osteoporosis and low bone density affect an estimated 54 million adults of 50 years and over in the United States, resulting in $19 billion in costs for osteoporosis-related bone breaks. Current treatments include the use ... -
A Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies CDC-42 and GDI-1 as In Vivo Regulators of Invadopodia
(2015)Basement membrane (BM) is a sheet-like extracellular matrix that underlies most tissues and acts as a barrier to invading cells. Many cell types, including immune cells, cells migrating during development and morphogenesis, ... -
A Genomic and Structural Study of FtsZ Function for Bacterial Cell Division
(2013)The tubulin homolog FtsZ provides the cytoskeletal framework for bacterial cell division. FtsZ is an essential protein for bacterial cell division, and is the only protein necessary for Z-ring assembly and constriction force ... -
A mitotic DNA damage response requiring FANCD2 enables mitosis with broken DNA
(2017)In order to maintain genome integrity cells employ a set of well conserved DNA damage checkpoints. DNA damage checkpoints are active during interphase and serve to prevent mitosis with broken DNA. Mitosis with broken DNA ... -
A Role for Cytoplasmic 3'-Nucleotide Hydrolysis in Liver and Intestine Function
(2012)Bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase (Bpnt1) is a member of a family of small molecule phosphatases whose activities depend on divalent cations and are inhibited by lithium. While the enzymes share many commonalities, they have ... -
A Role for Gic1 and Gic2 in Promoting Cdc42 Polarization
(2018)The Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a master regulator of cell polarity that orchestrates reorganization of the cytoskeleton. During polarity establishment, active GTP-Cdc42 accumulates at a part of the cell cortex that becomes the ... -
A Systems-Level Analysis of an Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
(2012)Embryonic development occurs with precisely timed morphogenetic cell movements directed by complex gene regulation. In this orchestrated series of events, some epithelial cells undergo extensive changes to become free moving ... -
A Three-Molecule Model of Structural Plasticity: the Role of the Rho family GTPases in Local Biochemical Computation in Dendrites
(2015)It has long been appreciated that the process of learning might invoke a physical change in the brain, establishing a lasting trace of experience. Recent evidence has revealed that this change manifests, at least in part, ... -
Abl Family Kinases Regulate Endothelial Function
(2013)The vasculature has a crucial function in normal physiology, enabling the transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body. In turn, endothelial cells, which form the inner-most lining of blood vessels, are ... -
Achieving Cell-Specific Delivery of Multiple Oligonucleotide Therapeutics with Aptamer Chimeras
(2012)Current standard cancer treatments such as chemotherapeutics, and radiation therapy are nearly as likely to kill the patient as cure the cancer. Therapies that have such a narrow window of efficacy are necessary for the ... -
Amino acid transporters regulate bone formation
(2021)Bone development and homeostasis are governed by a number of developmental signals, transcription factors and cellular metabolism. This process is also dependent on the orchestration of multiple cell types including osteoblasts, ... -
An Atat1/Mec-17-Myosin II axis controls ciliogenesis
(2013)Primary cilia are evolutionarily conserved, acetylated microtubule-based organelles that transduce mechanical and chemical signals. Primary cilium assembly is tightly controlled and its deregulation causes a spectrum of ... -
An Essential Role for Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells in Response to Ischemia in Vascular Disease
(2020)Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is nearly as common as coronary artery disease, but few effective treatments exist, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although PAD studies have focused on the ... -
Analysis of <italic>crinkled</italic> Function in <italic>Drosophila melanogaster</italic> Hair and Bristle Morphogenesis
(2012)Mutations in myosin VIIa (MyoVIIa), an unconventional myosin, have been shown to cause Usher Syndrome Type 1B in humans. Usher Syndrome Type 1B is characterized by congenital sensorineural deafness, vestibular dysfunction ... -
Aneuploidy Tolerance in a Polyploid Organ
(2016)Endopolyploid cells (hereafter - polyploid cells), which contain whole genome duplications in an otherwise diploid organism, play vital roles in development and physiology of diverse organs such as our heart and liver. Polyploidy ... -
APOBEC Mutagenesis as a Driver of Tumor Evolution through Genetic Heterogeneity and Immunogenicity
(2021)The APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) family of cytidine deaminases is one of the most common endogenous sources of single base substitution mutations in human cancer. Accordingly, ... -
B-cyclin/CDK Regulation of Mitotic Spindle Assembly through Phosphorylation of Kinesin-5 Motors in the Budding Yeast, <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>
(2012)Although it has been known for many years that B-cyclin/CDK complexes regulate the assembly of the mitotic spindle and entry into mitosis, the full complement of relevant CDK targets has not been identified. It has previously ... -
Basement Membranes Link Together and Stretch to Withstand Mechanical Forces
(2022)Basement membranes (BMs) are thin, dense sheets of extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues and provide structural support. While the role of BMs in the structural support of tissues is well established, how ... -
Basement Membranes Mediate Interactions Between Tissues
(2022)Basement membranes (BMs) are conserved, cell-associated, sheet-like networks of extracellular matrices that provide structural support to tissues. BMs also function as a signaling scaffold, directing cellular processes including ... -
Basement Membrane Dynamics During Anchor Cell Invasion
(2015)Basement membranes are a dense, sheet-like form of extracellular matrix that underlie epithelia and endothelia, and surround muscle, fat and Schwann cells. Basement membranes separate tissues and protect them from mechanical ...
