Browsing by Subject "Cognitive psychology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 47
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A Bayesian Model of Cognitive Control
(2014)"Cognitive control" describes endogenous guidance of behavior in situations where routine stimulus-response associations are suboptimal for achieving a desired goal. The computational and neural mechanisms underlying this ... -
Adaptive Motivations Drive Concern for Common Good Resources
(2019)Humans universally demonstrate intrinsically motivated prosocial behavior towards kin, non-kin ingroup members, and strangers. However, humans struggle to extend the same prosocial behavior to more abstract concepts like ... -
Affective Modulation of Executive Control
(2013)Emotions are pervasive in daily life, and a rich literature has documented how emotional stimuli and events disrupt ongoing processing and place heightened demands on control. Yet the executive control mechanisms ... -
Age-Related Differences in Mnemonic Neural Representations: Perceptual and Semantic Contributions
(2020)Preliminary evidence demonstrates that age-related differences in episodic memory performance become greater in tasks that have greater perceptual demands (e.g., task stimuli are visually degraded), but are attenuated in ... -
Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Adaptive Satisficing Decision Making
(2017)Much of our real-life decision making is bounded by uncertain information, limitations in cognitive resources, and a lack of time to allocate to the decision process. To mitigate these pressures, people satisfice, foregoing ... -
Comparative Studies of Numerical Cognition in Nonhuman Primates: From Numerical Comparison to Arithmetic
(2012)There is a long-standing claim that humans and nonhuman primates share an evolutionarily ancient system of nonverbal number representation. By and large, the focus in the field has been on providing existence proofs of ... -
Contributions Of the Human Medial Prefrontal Cortex To Associative Recognition Memory: Evidence From Functional Neuroimaging
(2016)Neuroimaging studies of episodic memory, or memory of events from our personal past, have predominantly focused their attention on medial temporal lobe (MTL). There is growing acknowledgement however, from the cognitive ... -
Data-driven investigations of disgust
(2019)Disgust features prominently in many facets of human life, from dining etiquette to spider phobia to genocide. For some applications, such as public health campaigns, it might be desirable to know how to increase disgust, ... -
Decision-making Across Development: The Impact of Ambiguity and Social Context
(2017)Public health data show that many everyday reckless behaviors reach a developmental peak in adolescence, with adolescents engaging in more reckless behaviors than both children and adults. In contrast, most studies ... -
Development of Decision-Making Under Risk
(2012)Decision-making under risk has been of interest to philosophers for centuries. in Only in recent years through interdisciplinary approaches has knowledge concerning the descriptive nature of decision-making under risk increased. ... -
Dopaminergic mechanisms of individual differences in the discounting and subjective value of rewards
(2022)Everyday, animals make decisions that require balancing tradeoffs like time delays, uncertainty, and physical effort demands with the prospect of rewards like food or money. The tendency to devalue rewards according to ... -
Effect of Grandparent-grandchild Interaction on Socio-emotional and Cognitive Outcomes of Adolescent Grandchildren in Sri Lanka
(2015)Background: The role of grandparents has changed in response to social, economic and demographic factors, which may operate both in favour of or against the relationship between grandparents and their grandchildren. The ... -
Emotion Regulation Through Distancing: Developing a Novel Neurocognitive Model
(2019)Distancing is a type of emotion regulation that involves simulating a new perspective to alter the psychological distance and emotional impact of a stimulus. The effectiveness and versatility of distancing make it a promising ... -
Emotional Modulation of Time Perception
(2014)Our perception of time is not veridical but rather is consistently modulating by changing dynamics in our environment. Anecdotal experiences suggest that emotions can be powerful modulators of time perception; nevertheless, ... -
Encoding-Retrieval Relationships in Episodic Memory: A Functional Neuroimaging Perspective
(2015)The ability to re-experience the past is a defining feature of episodic memory. Yet we know that even the most detailed memories are distinct from the initial experiences to which they refer. This relationship between the ... -
Essays in Development Economics: Health and Human Capital through the Life Course
(2018)This dissertation presents three essays on topics in development economics. Drawing on rich longitudinal data as well as measures of cognitive skills adapted from cognitive neuroscience, the chapters focus on health and ... -
Evaluating the Role of Attention in Decision Making
(2020)Attentional processes are critical aspects of the neural, cognitive, and computational mechanisms of decision-making. However, the role of such processes is often not given much focus in decision-making research, especially ... -
Fiction as Autobiography: Characterizing the Phenomenology and Functions of Memories of Narrative Fiction
(2021)People expend a great deal of time and energy telling each other stories of events that are known to be invented. These fictional narratives—emerging from novels, films, television shows, radio dramas, and other media—can ... -
From Magnitudes to Math: Developmental Precursors of Quantitative Reasoning
(2015)The uniquely human mathematical mind sets us apart from all other animals. Although humans typically think about number symbolically, we also possess nonverbal representations of quantity that are present at birth and shared ... -
Grabbing Your Attention: The Impact of Finding a First Target in Multiple-Target Search
(2016)For over 50 years, the Satisfaction of Search effect, and more recently known as the Subsequent Search Miss (SSM) effect, has plagued the field of radiology. Defined as a decrease in additional target accuracy after detecting ...
