Browsing by Subject "Decision Making"
Now showing items 1-20 of 25
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A framework for revising preservice curriculum for nonphysician clinicians: The mozambique experience.
(Educ Health (Abingdon), 2014-09)Mozambique, with approximately 0.4 physicians and 4.1 nurses per 10,000 people, has one of the lowest ratios of health care providers to population in the world. To rapidly scale up health care coverage, the Mozambique Ministry ... -
A randomized controlled trial of standard versus intensified tuberculosis diagnostics on treatment decisions by physicians in Northern Tanzania.
(BMC Infect Dis, 2014-02-20)BACKGROUND: Routine tuberculosis culture remains unavailable in many high-burden areas, including Tanzania. This study sought to determine the impact of providing mycobacterial culture results over standard of care ... -
A typology of time-scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems.
(Conserv Biol, 2016-02)Ecological systems often operate on time scales significantly longer or shorter than the time scales typical of human decision making, which causes substantial difficulty for conservation and management in socioecological ... -
Adult age differences in frontostriatal representation of prediction error but not reward outcome.
(Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 2014-06)Emerging evidence from decision neuroscience suggests that although younger and older adults show similar frontostriatal representations of reward magnitude, older adults often show deficits in feedback-driven reinforcement ... -
Buying into conservation: intrinsic versus instrumental value.
(Trends Ecol Evol, 2009-04)Many conservation biologists believe the best ethical basis for conserving natural entities is their claimed intrinsic value, not their instrumental value for humans. But there is significant confusion about what intrinsic ... -
Can prospect theory explain risk-seeking behavior by terminally ill patients?
(Med Decis Making, 2005-11)Patients with life-threatening conditions sometimes appear to make risky treatment decisions as their condition declines, contradicting the risk-averse behavior predicted by expected utility theory. Prospect theory accommodates ... -
Chimpanzees and bonobos distinguish between risk and ambiguity.
(Biol Lett, 2011-02-23)Although recent research has investigated animal decision-making under risk, little is known about how animals choose under conditions of ambiguity when they lack information about the available alternatives. Many models ... -
Communication practices in physician decision-making for an unstable critically ill patient with end-stage cancer.
(J Palliat Med, 2010-08)BACKGROUND: Shared decision-making has become the standard of care for most medical treatments. However, little is known about physician communication practices in the decision making for unstable critically ill patients ... -
Cortical Brain Activity Reflecting Attentional Biasing Toward Reward-Predicting Cues Covaries with Economic Decision-Making Performance.
(Cereb Cortex, 2016-01)Adaptive choice behavior depends critically on identifying and learning from outcome-predicting cues. We hypothesized that attention may be preferentially directed toward certain outcome-predicting cues. We studied this ... -
Empiric antibiotic treatment of erythema migrans-like skin lesions as a function of geography: a clinical and cost effectiveness modeling study.
(Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2013-12)The skin lesion of early Lyme disease, erythema migrans (EM), is so characteristic that routine practice is to treat all such patients with antibiotics. Because other skin lesions may resemble EM, it is not known whether ... -
Estimation and validation of a multiattribute model of Alzheimer disease progression.
(Med Decis Making, 2010-11)OBJECTIVES: To estimate and validate a multiattribute model of the clinical course of Alzheimer disease (AD) from mild AD to death in a high-quality prospective cohort study, and to estimate the impact of hypothetical ... -
Managing wildfire events: risk-based decision making among a group of federal fire managers.
(Risk Anal, 2011-05)Managing wildfire events to achieve multiple management objectives involves a high degree of decision complexity and uncertainty, increasing the likelihood that decisions will be informed by experience-based heuristics triggered ... -
Metacognition in monkeys during an oculomotor task.
(J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 2011-03)This study investigated whether rhesus monkeys show evidence of metacognition in a reduced, visual oculomotor task that is particularly suitable for use in fMRI and electrophysiology. The 2-stage task involved punctate visual ... -
Neuroeconomics of Reward Information and Motivation
(2011)Humans must integrate information to make decisions. This thesis is concerned with studying neural mechanisms of decision making, and combines tools from economics, psychology, and neuroscience. I employ a neuroeconomic ... -
Rapid brain responses independently predict gain maximization and loss minimization during economic decision making.
(J Neurosci, 2013-04-17)Success in many decision-making scenarios depends on the ability to maximize gains and minimize losses. Even if an agent knows which cues lead to gains and which lead to losses, that agent could still make choices yielding ... -
Resolving response, decision, and strategic control: evidence for a functional topography in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
(J Neurosci, 2009-10-21)The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) plays a central role in aspects of cognitive control and decision making. Here, we provide evidence for an anterior-to-posterior topography within the DMPFC using tasks that evoke ... -
Response decision processes and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents.
(Dev Psychopathol, 2002)Externalizing behavior problems of 124 adolescents were assessed across Grades 7-11. In Grade 9, participants were also assessed across social-cognitive domains after imagining themselves as the object of provocations portrayed ... -
Risk communication in clinical trials: a cognitive experiment and a survey.
(BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 2010-09-27)BACKGROUND: A Royal Statistical Society Working Party recently recommended that "Greater use should be made of numerical, as opposed to verbal, descriptions of risk" in first-in-man clinical trials. This echoed the view ... -
Selecting renal replacement therapies: what do African American and non-African American patients and their families think others should know? A mixed methods study.
(BMC Nephrol, 2013-01-14)BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the types of information African American and non-African American patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their families need to inform renal replacement therapy (RRT) decisions. ... -
Strategic planning to reduce the burden of stroke among veterans: using simulation modeling to inform decision making.
(Stroke, 2014-07)BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reducing the burden of stroke is a priority for the Veterans Affairs Health System, reflected by the creation of the Veterans Affairs Stroke Quality Enhancement Research Initiative. To inform the ...
