Browsing by Subject "Decision Making"
Now showing items 1-20 of 37
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A conceptual framework for patient-centered fertility treatment.
(Reproductive health, 2017-09-07)BACKGROUND:Patient-centered care is a pillar of quality health care and is important to patients experiencing infertility. In this study we used empirical, in-depth data on couples' experiences of infertility treatment decision ... -
A framework for revising preservice curriculum for nonphysician clinicians: The mozambique experience.
(Educ Health (Abingdon), 2014-09)Mozambique, with approximately 0.4 physicians and 4.1 nurses per 10,000 people, has one of the lowest ratios of health care providers to population in the world. To rapidly scale up health care coverage, the Mozambique Ministry ... -
A randomized controlled trial of standard versus intensified tuberculosis diagnostics on treatment decisions by physicians in Northern Tanzania.
(BMC Infect Dis, 2014-02-20)BACKGROUND: Routine tuberculosis culture remains unavailable in many high-burden areas, including Tanzania. This study sought to determine the impact of providing mycobacterial culture results over standard of care ... -
A typology of time-scale mismatches and behavioral interventions to diagnose and solve conservation problems.
(Conserv Biol, 2016-02)Ecological systems often operate on time scales significantly longer or shorter than the time scales typical of human decision making, which causes substantial difficulty for conservation and management in socioecological ... -
Adult age differences in frontostriatal representation of prediction error but not reward outcome.
(Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 2014-06)Emerging evidence from decision neuroscience suggests that although younger and older adults show similar frontostriatal representations of reward magnitude, older adults often show deficits in feedback-driven reinforcement ... -
Age-related slowing in the retrieval of information from long-term memory.
(Journal of gerontology, 1985-03)The present experiment investigated adult age differences in the retrieval of information from long-term memory. Each trial required a decision regarding the synonymy of two visually presented words. On the yes-response ... -
Assessing applicability when comparing medical interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program.
(Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2011-11)<h4>Objective</h4>To describe a systematic approach for identifying, reporting, and synthesizing information to allow consistent and transparent consideration of the applicability of the evidence in a systematic review according ... -
Buying into conservation: intrinsic versus instrumental value.
(Trends Ecol Evol, 2009-04)Many conservation biologists believe the best ethical basis for conserving natural entities is their claimed intrinsic value, not their instrumental value for humans. But there is significant confusion about what intrinsic ... -
Can prospect theory explain risk-seeking behavior by terminally ill patients?
(Med Decis Making, 2005-11)Patients with life-threatening conditions sometimes appear to make risky treatment decisions as their condition declines, contradicting the risk-averse behavior predicted by expected utility theory. Prospect theory accommodates ... -
Chapter 6: assessing applicability of medical test studies in systematic reviews.
(Journal of general internal medicine, 2012-06)Use of medical tests should be guided by research evidence about the accuracy and utility of those tests in clinical care settings. Systematic reviews of the literature about medical tests must address applicability to real-world ... -
Chimpanzees and bonobos distinguish between risk and ambiguity.
(Biol Lett, 2011-02-23)Although recent research has investigated animal decision-making under risk, little is known about how animals choose under conditions of ambiguity when they lack information about the available alternatives. Many models ... -
Communication practices in physician decision-making for an unstable critically ill patient with end-stage cancer.
(J Palliat Med, 2010-08)BACKGROUND: Shared decision-making has become the standard of care for most medical treatments. However, little is known about physician communication practices in the decision making for unstable critically ill patients ... -
Complexities and Challenges of Singapore Nurses Providing Postacute Home Care in Multicultural Communities: A Grounded Theory Study.
(Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society, 2018-09)INTRODUCTION:Studies are needed to inform the preparation of community nurses to address patient behavioral and social factors contributing to unnecessary readmissions to hospital. This study uses nurses' input to understand ... -
Cortical Brain Activity Reflecting Attentional Biasing Toward Reward-Predicting Cues Covaries with Economic Decision-Making Performance.
(Cereb Cortex, 2016-01)Adaptive choice behavior depends critically on identifying and learning from outcome-predicting cues. We hypothesized that attention may be preferentially directed toward certain outcome-predicting cues. We studied this ... -
Empiric antibiotic treatment of erythema migrans-like skin lesions as a function of geography: a clinical and cost effectiveness modeling study.
(Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2013-12)The skin lesion of early Lyme disease, erythema migrans (EM), is so characteristic that routine practice is to treat all such patients with antibiotics. Because other skin lesions may resemble EM, it is not known whether ... -
Estimation and validation of a multiattribute model of Alzheimer disease progression.
(Med Decis Making, 2010-11)OBJECTIVES: To estimate and validate a multiattribute model of the clinical course of Alzheimer disease (AD) from mild AD to death in a high-quality prospective cohort study, and to estimate the impact of hypothetical ... -
Evaluating the Role of Attention in Decision Making
(2020)Attentional processes are critical aspects of the neural, cognitive, and computational mechanisms of decision-making. However, the role of such processes is often not given much focus in decision-making research, especially ... -
Learning the Value of Food: Mechanisms of Decision Making in Appetitive Behavior
(2021)A key debate in nutrition research is whether highly processed foods uniquely reinforce consumption and if, in being uniquely reinforcing, highly processed foods cause overeating and obesity. To that end, overarching goal ... -
Linked Sensitivity Analysis, Calibration, and Uncertainty Analysis Using a System Dynamics Model for Stroke Comparative Effectiveness Research.
(Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making, 2016-11)<h4>Background</h4>As health services researchers and decision makers tackle more difficult problems using simulation models, the number of parameters and the corresponding degree of uncertainty have increased. This often ... -
Managing wildfire events: risk-based decision making among a group of federal fire managers.
(Risk Anal, 2011-05)Managing wildfire events to achieve multiple management objectives involves a high degree of decision complexity and uncertainty, increasing the likelihood that decisions will be informed by experience-based heuristics triggered ...
