Browsing by Subject "Environmental health"
Now showing items 1-20 of 41
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A Hard Bargain? A cost-benefit analysis of an improved cookstove program in India
(2016-08-01)In developing countries, access to modern energy for cooking and heating still remains a challenge to raising households out of poverty. About 2.5 billion people depend on solid fuels such as biomass, wood, charcoal and ... -
A One-Health Approach to Understanding the Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
(2021)American cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a severely understudied and neglected“disease of poverty” widespread throughout Peru. Transmission dynamics of CL are complex, requiring sandfly vectors and mammalian reservoir hosts ... -
Air pollution, Fuel Usage and Health Outcomes in Madre de Dios, Peru: a Comparative Cross Sectional Study
(2015)Air pollution is a common problem. Particulate matter generated from air pollution has been tied to adverse health outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease. Biomass fuels are a specific contributor to increased particulate ... -
Biomarkers of Exposure: Arsenic Concentrations in Keratin in Populations Exposed to Arsenic in Drinking Water
(2014)Arsenic (As) exposure via groundwater consumption is a global health problem affecting millions. Monitoring exposure is a key step in understanding and predicating future health outcomes. This thesis explores the relationships ... -
Characterizing Environmental Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposure and Effects in North Carolina Communities
(2022)Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in a wide array of products and applications (e.g., nonstick cookware, waterproof and water-repellent textiles, firefighting foam). Following their ... -
Characterizing Exposure and In Vitro Effects of Azobenzene Disperse Dyes in the Indoor Environment
(2021)Azobenzene disperse dyes are the fastest-growing category of commercial dyestuffs, accounting for 70% of the 9.9 million tons of industrial dye colorants used annually. Azobenzene disperse dyes are intended to be applied ... -
Characterizing the Binding Potential, Activity, and Bioaccessibility of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Ligands in Indoor Dust
(2015)Accumulating evidence is suggesting that exposure to some environmental contaminants may alter adipogenesis, resulting in accumulation of adipocytes, and often significant weight gain. Thus these types of contaminants are ... -
Effects of Toxic Metal Exposures and Their Mixtures on Adverse Health Outcomes in the Peruvian Amazon
(2022)Non-essential trace metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium) are ubiquitous in our environment and have overlapping routes of exposure, yet mixed trace metal exposures are rarely considered in epidemiological studies. ... -
Evaluating Demand for Water and Sanitation Technologies in Udaipur, India: A Mixed Methods Approach
(2015)This paper utilizes a mixed methods approach to evaluate household demand for reduced diarrhea risk through an assessment of willingness to pay (WTP) for water and sanitation technologies in Udaipur, India. Using data from ... -
Evaluating Exposures to Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments
(2019)Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are used in consumer products in a wide variety of applications such as flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides, preservatives, and fragrances. Due to their extensive use in everyday ... -
Exposure, Metabolism, and in Vitro Effects of Isopropylated and Tert-butylated Triarylphosphate Ester (ITP & TBPP) Flame Retardants and Plasticizers
(2019)Following the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the early 2000s, organophosphate esters (OPEs) emerged as PBDE substitutes and have been applied to furniture foam, electronics, building materials, and ... -
Halogenated Organophosphate Flame Retardants: Developmental Toxicity and Endocrine Disruptive Effects
(2015)Following the phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), manufacturers turned to several alternative flame retardants (FRs) to meet flammability standards. Organophosphate FRs (OPFRs), and in particular ... -
Household Air Pollution from Cooking in Madagascar: Effects of Wood Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Health
(2021)Background: Approximately 3.8 million people die annually from illnesses caused by household air pollution (HAP). Cooking related HAP is the second leading cause of disease in Madagascar. Our exploratory study aims to examine ... -
Investigating Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Indoor Environments
(2016-04-28)Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of chemicals used as stain and water repellents in consumer products and are prevalent in human tissues. However, they are also associated with adverse health effects and exposure ... -
Machine Learning to Estimate Exposure and Effects of Emerging Chemicals and Other Consumer Product Ingredients
(2023)Chemicals in consumer products can influence our risk for developing adverse health conditions. This research addresses knowledge gaps in our ability to evaluate chemical safety, particularly for emerging substances on the ... -
Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity in Laboratory Suspensions and Complex Environmental Media in Caenorhabditis Elegans
(2014)The rapidly increasing use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in consumer products and medical applications has raised ecological and human health concerns. Significant progress has been made in understanding the toxicity ... -
Panel Study in Beijing: The Effects of PM2.5 in Pre-diabetic Populations
(2015)Background - Multiple research studies have demonstrated consistent associations between particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and relevant health endpoints of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic ... -
Persistent Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure Across Generations: a Bioenergetic and Mitochondrial Perspective
(2018)Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. PAHs are toxicologically important for both humans and wildlife in large part due to their mutagenic, carcinogenic, ... -
Pollution, Health, and the Economy: Understanding and Modeling Their Interactions
(2020)Air pollution, human health, and the economy are a connected system. Substantial efforts have been made in understanding and modeling these connections, so that we can predict the health and economic impacts of changes in ... -
Practical Monitoring Strategies for Drinking Water and Bioaerosols in Resource-Limited Settings
(2021)The main goal of this dissertation was to develop practical water and bioaerosol monitoring strategies for resource limited settings. This goal was established because there are ~2.2 billion people who lack access to safe ...
