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Browsing by Subject "Medicine"
Now showing items 1-20 of 153
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A Deep Learning Model for V50%, V60%, and V66.7% Prediction in LINAC-based Treatment Planning of Single-Iso-Multiple-Targets (SIMT) Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)
(2023)Brain metastases are a common complication of many types of cancer, including lung, breast, and melanoma. Approximately 30-40% of patients develop brain metastases that originate from primary systemic tumors during the course ... -
A Deep-Learning Method of Automatic VMAT Planning via MLC Dynamic Sequence Prediction (AVP-DSP) Using 3D Dose Prediction: A Feasibility Study of Prostate Radiotherapy Application
(2020)Introduction: VMAT treatment planning requires time-consuming DVH-based inverse optimization process, which impedes its application in time-sensitive situations. This work aims to develop a deep-learning based algorithm, ... -
A Feasibility Study of Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring for Adults After Traumatic Brain Injury in Uganda
(2022)Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for the majority of Uganda’s neurosurgical disease burden, but invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is infrequently used. Noninvasive monitoring through tools ... -
A High-Tech Solution for the Low Resource Setting: A Tool to Support Decision Making for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
(2019)Background. The confluence of a capacity-exceeding disease burden and persistent resource shortages have resulted in traumatic brain injury’s (TBI) devastating impact in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Lifesaving ... -
A Systems Thinking, Community-Based Exploration of Health Equity and Agency: Women’s Migraine as a Paradigmatic Case
(2017)Background. Creating health equity—“the attainment of the highest level of health for all people”— is a core tenet of public health (American Public Health Association, 2015; United States Department of Health and Human ... -
Advanced Applications of 3D Dosimetry and 3D Printing in Radiation Therapy
(2016)As complex radiotherapy techniques become more readily-practiced, comprehensive 3D dosimetry is a growing necessity for advanced quality assurance. However, clinical implementation has been impeded by a wide variety of ... -
Aerobic Training-Induced Host Changes Alter Breast Cancer Cell Phenotypes and Tumor Progression
(2015)A growing number of studies have investigated the role of exercise both during and after a breast cancer diagnosis. Observational data suggests that regular endurance exercise is associated with a 20-50% reduction ... -
An Agonist CD27 Antibody for Brain Tumor Immunotherapy
(2017)Glioblastoma (GBM) is a uniformly lethal cancer with an overall survival of less than 15 months. Aggressive standard of care therapies fail to eradicate these tumors and are non-specific, resulting in incapacitating toxicities. ... -
An Aperture-Preserved Approach to Adaptive Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer Using IMRT and VMAT
(2018)Over the course of a patient’s radiotherapy treatment, there are often changes of internal anatomy relative to the planning CT scan. Because patients are typically treated with a treatment plan created based on one planning ... -
An Investigation in Quantitative Accuracy in Preablation I-131 Scans: 7-pinhole system compared with single-pinhole system.
(2018)Purpose: Early detection and prevention of differentiated thyroid cancer using thyroidectomy and ablation therapy can reduce disease persistence and recurrence. A preablation I-131 scan performed between the thyroidectomy ... -
Antibacterial Utilization for Febrile Illnesses and Laboratory-confirmed Bloodstream Infections in Northern Tanzania
(2023)Antibacterial management of febrile patients in low-resource settings is challenging and adherence to treatment guidelines is variable. We describe antibacterial use in febrile patients, use of effective therapy ... -
Antibody-Redirected T-Cell Immunotherapy for Brain Tumors
(2014)The most common primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma, is uniformly fatal. Current therapy provides only incremental benefits in survival and is often incapacitating owing to limits defined by nonspecific toxicity. ... -
Application of TG-218 to SRS and SBRT Pre-Treatment Patient Specific QA
(2020)AbstractPurpose: Updated recommendations for pre-treatment QA of patient-specific intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) quality assurance (QA) were recently published by ... -
Assessment of Current Cervical Cancer Screening Practice and Responses to a Novel Screening Device, Transvaginal Digital Colposcopy, Among Gynecologists in Hyderabad, India
(2015)Background: India has the highest burden of cervical cancer mortality, globally, with 67,477 deaths in 2012. A novel device, the transvaginal digital colposcope (TVDC), or a small handheld colposcope, could potentially improve ... -
Assessment of Two Diabetes Point-of-Care Analyzers Measuring Hemoglobin A1c in the Peruvian Amazon
(2016)Aims: Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important indicator of glucose control over time. Point-of-care (POC) devices allow for rapid and convenient measurement of HbA1c, greatly facilitating diabetes care. ... -
Attending To Race: Exploring How Faculty, Trainees And Medical Students Operationalize Race In Medicine
(2022)Background. Race-based medicine assumes that genetic or biological differences account for the observed health differences among races. Race-based medicine has been shown to result in poor patient outcomes. Nevertheless, ... -
Barriers and Facilitators to Emergency Care: Acute Injury in the Kilimanjaro Region
(2023)Background: Trauma and injury present a significant global burden – one that is only exacerbated in low- and middle-income settings like Tanzania. We aimed to describe the landscape of emergency care and financial catastrophe ... -
Barriers to Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Three Low- and Middle-income Country Tertiary Care Settings: Findings from a Multi-site Qualitative Study
(2021)Background: Antimicrobial resistance has been named as one of the top ten threats to public health in the world. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) can help reduce antimicrobial resistance. The purpose ... -
Bioengineered Approaches to Prevent Hypertrophic Scar Contraction
(2016)Burn injuries in the United States account for over one million hospital admissions per year, with treatment estimated at four billion dollars. Of severe burn patients, 30-90% will develop hypertrophic scars (HSc). Current ... -
Brachytherapy Dosimetry: Working towards in-vivo and end-to-end diametric checks in modern HDR brachytherapy
(2018)Treatment errors can occur in high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, but, currently, there is a lack of real-time treatment verification systems that are clinically available and thus many errors are only determined retrospectively, ...
