Browsing by Subject "Risk-Taking"
Now showing items 1-16 of 16
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A fruit in the hand or two in the bush? Divergent risk preferences in chimpanzees and bonobos.
(Biol Lett, 2008-06-23)Human and non-human animals tend to avoid risky prospects. If such patterns of economic choice are adaptive, risk preferences should reflect the typical decision-making environments faced by organisms. However, this approach ... -
Can prospect theory explain risk-seeking behavior by terminally ill patients?
(Med Decis Making, 2005-11)Patients with life-threatening conditions sometimes appear to make risky treatment decisions as their condition declines, contradicting the risk-averse behavior predicted by expected utility theory. Prospect theory accommodates ... -
Changes in HIV risk behavior and seroincidence among clients presenting for repeat HIV counseling and testing in Moshi, Tanzania.
(AIDS Care, 2012)While HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has been considered an HIV preventive measure in Africa, data are limited describing behavior changes following HCT. This study evaluated behavior changes and estimated HIV seroincidence ... -
Depressive symptoms, substance use, and HIV-related high-risk behaviors among opioid-dependent individuals: results from the Clinical Trials Network.
(Substance use & misuse, 2011-01)The sample included 343 opioid-dependent adults enrolled in two national multisite studies of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN001-002). Opioid-dependent individuals were recruited from 12 sites ... -
Effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth: a meta-analytic review.
(Am J Community Psychol, 2002-04)We used meta-analysis to review 55 evaluations of the effects of mentoring programs on youth. Overall, findings provide evidence of only a modest or small benefit of program participation for the average youth. Program effects ... -
Effects of statewide job losses on adolescent suicide-related behaviors.
(Am J Public Health, 2014-10)OBJECTIVES: We investigated the impact of statewide job loss on adolescent suicide-related behaviors. METHODS: We used 1997 to 2009 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to estimate ... -
HIV/AIDS-related institutional mistrust among multiethnic men who have sex with men: effects on HIV testing and risk behaviors.
(Health Psychol, 2012-05)OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between institutional mistrust (systematic discrimination, organizational suspicion, and conspiracy beliefs), HIV risk behaviors, and HIV testing in a multiethnic sample of men who ... -
Identifying Adolescent Patients at Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections: Development of a Brief Sexual Health Screening Survey.
(Clinical pediatrics, 2015-08)This study examined the association between survey responses to health behaviors, personality/psychosocial factors, and self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to create a brief survey to identify youth at risk ... -
Illicit and nonmedical drug use among older adults: a review.
(Journal of aging and health, 2011-04)Substance abuse among older adults is a looming public health concern. The number of Americans aged 50+ years with a substance use disorder is projected to double from 2.8 million in 2002-2006 to 5.7 million in 2020. The ... -
Perceived sexual control, sex-related alcohol expectancies and behavior predict substance-related sexual revictimization.
(Child Abuse Negl, 2013-05)OBJECTIVES: Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual revictimization, mechanisms underlying revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context ... -
Self-regulatory processes underlying structural stigma and health.
(Soc Sci Med, 2014-02)In this article, we examine self-regulatory processes that are initiated by structural stigma. To date, the literature on self-regulation as a mechanism that underlies stigma and health outcomes has focused primarily on ... -
Spousal concordance in health behavior change.
(Health Serv Res, 2008-02)OBJECTIVE: This study examines the degree to which a married individual's health habits and use of preventive medical care are influenced by his or her spouse's behaviors. STUDY DESIGN: Using longitudinal data on individuals ... -
Substance Use and Suicide in Pacific Islander, American Indian, and Multiracial Youth.
(American journal of preventive medicine, 2018-06)INTRODUCTION:National estimates of U.S. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI), American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN), and multiracial adolescent substance use and suicidality are scarce because of their small ... -
The association of HIV counseling and testing with HIV risk behaviors in a random population-based survey in Kisumu, Kenya.
(AIDS Behav, 2011-05)HIV testing has been promoted as a key HIV prevention strategy in low-resource settings, despite studies showing variable impact on risk behavior. We sought to examine rates of HIV testing and the association between testing ... -
Use of item response theory and latent class analysis to link poly-substance use disorders with addiction severity, HIV risk, and quality of life among opioid-dependent patients in the Clinical Trials Network.
(Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011-11)BACKGROUND:This study applied item response theory (IRT) and latent class analysis (LCA) procedures to examine the dimensionality and heterogeneity of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) and explored their utility for ... -
Use of Salvia divinorum in a nationally representative sample.
(The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2012-01)Salvia divinorum has known hallucinogenic effects and is legal in most parts of the United States. Given that this psychoactive substance has a potential of misuse and abuse, further data regarding the clinical and psychosocial ...
