Browsing by Subject "Virology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 46
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A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Torque Teno Virus Infection and Bushmeat Exposure Among Pneumonia Patients: Sarawak, Malaysia
(2017)Background: Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is ubiquitous, possibly zoonotic, and has potential for clinical and global health research application. The goals of the current study were to determine prevalence of TTV among pneumonia ... -
An Exploratory Search for Novel Coronaviruses in Sarawak, Malaysia
(2017)Background: In recent years, emerging zoonotic microbes are gaining more attention from the public and policy makers. Explosive outbreaks such as those from avian influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ... -
Assessing Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV-positive Patients: The Sensitivity and Specificity of the CogState Brief Battery
(2012)Objective: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV-positive patients is estimated to be 39% in Uganda [1]. Despite the high prevalence of impairment, routine HIV management in Uganda does not include neuropsychological ... -
Characterization of Host Factors and Anti-viral Compounds for Diverse Mosquito-borne Flaviviruses
(2016)Our ability to convert basic knowledge into robust anti-viral therapeutics requires discovery of novel host-virus interactions as well as an informed anti-viral discovery pipeline. We used a genome-scale RNAi-based screen ... -
Characterization of Influenza A Virus Infection through Analysis of Intrahost Viral Evolution and Within-host Infection Dynamics
(2016)Influenza A virus is a major source of morbidity and mortality, annually resulting in over 9000 deaths in the United States alone. As a segmented, RNA virus, influenza has a high mutation rate, facilitating its evolution ... -
Characterizing novel molecular regulators of antiviral gene expression
(2020)The intracellular innate immune response to viral infection is among the first lines of defense against these pathogens. For the early establishment of an antiviral cellular state and initiation of inflammatory responses, ... -
Competing RNA Structures and Their Effects on HDV Antigenomic RNA Self-cleavage and mRNA Processing
(2010)HDV antigenomic RNA is processed in two distinct pathways; it can be cleaved at the polyA site and polyadenylated to become mRNA for the delta antigens, or the RNA can be cleaved by the antigenomic ribozyme to become full-length ... -
Defects in intracellular trafficking of fungal cell wall synthases lead to aberrant host immune recognition.
(PLoS pathogens, 2018-06-04)The human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, dramatically alters its cell wall, both in size and composition, upon entering the host. This cell wall remodeling is essential for host immune avoidance by this pathogen. ... -
Defining the Role of Antibodies in Protection Against Cytomegalovirus Acquisition and Congenital Disease for Rational Vaccine Design
(2018)Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, impacting 1 in 150 live-born infants. Children afflicted by congenital HCMV frequently suffer from lifelong, debilitating neurologic ... -
Dengue Virus Host Factors
(2009)Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are estimated to afflict 50-100 million people annually and are caused by one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. Dengue virus is carried and transmitted to humans by mosquitoes ... -
Diverse Strategies Deployed by Poliovirus to Cope with Host Antiviral Responses
(2020)In the following document, I will describe two distinct strategies that poliovirus(PV) deploys to manage host antiviral responses. In the first section, I report on a role ofthe constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation ... -
DNA Damage Response Suppresses Epstein-Barr Virus-Driven Proliferation of Primary Human B Cells
(2012)The interaction of human tumor viruses with host growth suppressive pathways is a fine balance between controlled latent infection and virus-induced oncogenesis. This dissertation elucidates how Epstein-Barr virus interacts ... -
Envelope-specific IgG Responses in HIV-infected Women
(2018)A better understanding of 1) maternal HIV Envelope (Env)-specific IgG responses that are partially protective against vertical HIV transmission, and 2) factors that mediate the transplacental transfer of maternal protective ... -
Epstein-Barr virus infection phenocopies apoptosis regulation in germinal center B cells
(2019)The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that infects more than >95% of the global adult population. In immunocompetent individuals, EBV infection is asymptomatic and takes place in the oral cavity, where ... -
Exploration of Novel Surveillance Methodologies for Respiratory Viral Transmission
(2022)Respiratory tract illnesses are a leading cause of disease burden worldwide. As evidenced by the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we must continue to develop and improve surveillance methodologies for the detection of respiratory ... -
Factors of Risk and Protection for Ebola Exposure in Health Care Workers, Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
(2021)Health care workers (HCWs) are key personnel for ending outbreaks of deadly viruses and are amongst the most exposed portion of the general population. However, not all viruses present symptomatically leading HCWs to become ... -
Fc-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Functions Against HIV-1
(2018)Antibodies are important therapeutic agents that can be elicited by vaccination or directly infused. However, the mechanisms by which antibodies achieve protection against pathogens are not fully elucidated, in particular ... -
Functional Relevance of Improbable Antibody Mutations for HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Development.
(Cell host & microbe, 2018-06)HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) require high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-catalyzed somatic mutations for optimal neutralization potency. Probable mutations occur at sites of frequent ... -
Genetically Stable Poliovirus Vectors Activate Dendritic Cells and Prime Antitumor CD8 T Cell Immunity
(2019)Viruses naturally engage innate immunity, induce antigen presentation, and mediate CD8 T cell priming against foreign antigens. Polioviruses can provide a context optimal for generating antigen-specific CD8 T cells, as they ... -
HIV-1 as a Target for the Cas9 DNA Editing Enzyme and the Development of Novel sgRNA Expression Technology
(2018)The CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool for the precise modification of DNA in mammalian systems. In addition to the robust utility of Cas9 loaded with its cognate single guide RNA (sgRNA) to modify cellular ...
