Browsing by Subject "Virology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 31
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A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Torque Teno Virus Infection and Bushmeat Exposure Among Pneumonia Patients: Sarawak, Malaysia
(2017)Background: Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is ubiquitous, possibly zoonotic, and has potential for clinical and global health research application. The goals of the current study were to determine prevalence of TTV among pneumonia ... -
An Exploratory Search for Novel Coronaviruses in Sarawak, Malaysia
(2017)Background: In recent years, emerging zoonotic microbes are gaining more attention from the public and policy makers. Explosive outbreaks such as those from avian influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ... -
Assessing Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV-positive Patients: The Sensitivity and Specificity of the CogState Brief Battery
(2012)Objective: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV-positive patients is estimated to be 39% in Uganda [1]. Despite the high prevalence of impairment, routine HIV management in Uganda does not include neuropsychological ... -
Characterization of Host Factors and Anti-viral Compounds for Diverse Mosquito-borne Flaviviruses
(2016)Our ability to convert basic knowledge into robust anti-viral therapeutics requires discovery of novel host-virus interactions as well as an informed anti-viral discovery pipeline. We used a genome-scale RNAi-based screen ... -
Characterization of Influenza A Virus Infection through Analysis of Intrahost Viral Evolution and Within-host Infection Dynamics
(2016)Influenza A virus is a major source of morbidity and mortality, annually resulting in over 9000 deaths in the United States alone. As a segmented, RNA virus, influenza has a high mutation rate, facilitating its evolution ... -
Competing RNA Structures and Their Effects on HDV Antigenomic RNA Self-cleavage and mRNA Processing
(2010)HDV antigenomic RNA is processed in two distinct pathways; it can be cleaved at the polyA site and polyadenylated to become mRNA for the delta antigens, or the RNA can be cleaved by the antigenomic ribozyme to become full-length ... -
Defects in intracellular trafficking of fungal cell wall synthases lead to aberrant host immune recognition.
(PLoS pathogens, 2018-06-04)The human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, dramatically alters its cell wall, both in size and composition, upon entering the host. This cell wall remodeling is essential for host immune avoidance by this pathogen. ... -
Defining the Role of Antibodies in Protection Against Cytomegalovirus Acquisition and Congenital Disease for Rational Vaccine Design
(2018)Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, impacting 1 in 150 live-born infants. Children afflicted by congenital HCMV frequently suffer from lifelong, debilitating neurologic ... -
Dengue Virus Host Factors
(2009)Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are estimated to afflict 50-100 million people annually and are caused by one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. Dengue virus is carried and transmitted to humans by mosquitoes ... -
DNA Damage Response Suppresses Epstein-Barr Virus-Driven Proliferation of Primary Human B Cells
(2012)The interaction of human tumor viruses with host growth suppressive pathways is a fine balance between controlled latent infection and virus-induced oncogenesis. This dissertation elucidates how Epstein-Barr virus interacts ... -
Envelope-specific IgG Responses in HIV-infected Women
(2018)A better understanding of 1) maternal HIV Envelope (Env)-specific IgG responses that are partially protective against vertical HIV transmission, and 2) factors that mediate the transplacental transfer of maternal protective ... -
Fc-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Functions Against HIV-1
(2018)Antibodies are important therapeutic agents that can be elicited by vaccination or directly infused. However, the mechanisms by which antibodies achieve protection against pathogens are not fully elucidated, in particular ... -
Functional Relevance of Improbable Antibody Mutations for HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Development.
(Cell host & microbe, 2018-06)HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) require high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-catalyzed somatic mutations for optimal neutralization potency. Probable mutations occur at sites of frequent ... -
HIV-1 as a Target for the Cas9 DNA Editing Enzyme and the Development of Novel sgRNA Expression Technology
(2018)The CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool for the precise modification of DNA in mammalian systems. In addition to the robust utility of Cas9 loaded with its cognate single guide RNA (sgRNA) to modify cellular ... -
Immunity and Autoimmunity: Host Mimicry by HIV-1
(2015)Many human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize multiple clades of HIV-1 are polyreactive and bind avidly to mammalian autoantigens. Indeed, the generation of neutralizing antibodies to the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes of HIV-1 ... -
Interactions of Mammalian Retroviruses with Cellular MicroRNA Biogenesis and Effector Pathways
(2014)The cellular microRNA (miRNA) pathway has emerged as an important regulator of host-virus interactions. While miRNAs of viral and cellular origin have been demonstrated to modulate viral gene expression and host immune ... -
New Insights into Hepatitis C Virus Assembly and Envelopment
(2018)Hepatitis C virus assembly and envelopment are coordinated by a complex network of protein-protein interactions that encompasses most of the viral structural and nonstructural proteins. However, the details surrounding how ... -
Norovirus Infections and Association with Animal Exposure in Sarawak, Malaysia
(2018)Diarrheal diseases continue to be one of the most significant killers of children throughout the world, and many diarrheal diseases are zoonotic in nature. In Malaysia, not much is known about the viruses causing disease ... -
Outer Membrane Vesicles: A New Paradigm of Bacterial Innate Immunity
(2013)Outer membrane vesicles are an important constitutive product of all Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria have evolved many responses to alleviate all different types of stress. The primary objective of this dissertation is ... -
Polyploidy and Mitotic Cell Death are Two Distinct HIV-1 Vpr-Driven Outcomes in Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells
(2016)Given the emerging epidemic of renal disease in HIV+ patients and the fact that HIV DNA and RNA persist in the kidneys of HIV+ patients despite therapy, it is necessary to understand the role of direct HIV-1 infection of ...
