Global view of the functional molecular organization of the avian cerebrum: mirror images and functional columns.
Abstract
Based on quantitative cluster analyses of 52 constitutively expressed or behaviorally
regulated genes in 23 brain regions, we present a global view of telencephalic organization
of birds. The patterns of constitutively expressed genes revealed a partial mirror
image organization of three major cell populations that wrap above, around, and below
the ventricle and adjacent lamina through the mesopallium. The patterns of behaviorally
regulated genes revealed functional columns of activation across boundaries of these
cell populations, reminiscent of columns through layers of the mammalian cortex. The
avian functionally regulated columns were of two types: those above the ventricle
and associated mesopallial lamina, formed by our revised dorsal mesopallium, hyperpallium,
and intercalated hyperpallium; and those below the ventricle, formed by our revised
ventral mesopallium, nidopallium, and intercalated nidopallium. Based on these findings
and known connectivity, we propose that the avian pallium has four major cell populations
similar to those in mammalian cortex and some parts of the amygdala: 1) a primary
sensory input population (intercalated pallium); 2) a secondary intrapallial population
(nidopallium/hyperpallium); 3) a tertiary intrapallial population (mesopallium); and
4) a quaternary output population (the arcopallium). Each population contributes portions
to columns that control different sensory or motor systems. We suggest that this organization
of cell groups forms by expansion of contiguous developmental cell domains that wrap
around the lateral ventricle and its extension through the middle of the mesopallium.
We believe that the position of the lateral ventricle and its associated mesopallium
lamina has resulted in a conceptual barrier to recognizing related cell groups across
its border, thereby confounding our understanding of homologies with mammals.
Type
Journal articleSubject
amygdalabasal ganglia
brain evolution
brain organization
brain pathways
claustrum
cortex
forebrain
immediate early genes
motor behavior
neural activity
neurotransmitter receptors
pallidum
pallium
primary sensory
striatum
Animals
Birds
Cell Count
Cerebrum
Gene Expression
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Neuroimaging
Neurons
Species Specificity
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/11203Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1002/cne.23404Publication Info
Jarvis, Erich D; Yu, Jing; Rivas, Miriam V; Horita, Haruhito; Feenders, Gesa; Whitney,
Osceola; ... Wada, Kazuhiro (2013). Global view of the functional molecular organization of the avian cerebrum: mirror
images and functional columns. J Comp Neurol, 521(16). pp. 3614-3665. 10.1002/cne.23404. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/11203.This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this
article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Show full item recordScholars@Duke
Erich David Jarvis
Adjunct Professor in the Deptartment of Neurobiology
Dr. Jarvis' laboratory studies the neurobiology of vocal communication. Emphasis is
placed on the molecular pathways involved in the perception and production of learned
vocalizations. They use an integrative approach that combines behavioral, anatomical,
electrophysiological and molecular biological techniques. The main animal model used
is songbirds, one of the few vertebrate groups that evolved the ability to learn vocalizations.
The generality of the discoveries is tested in other vocal lear

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