dc.contributor.author |
Gunsch, Claudia K |
|
dc.contributor.author |
Thomson, AA |
|
dc.coverage.spatial |
Netherlands |
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2016-01-06T17:41:31Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2015-08 |
|
dc.identifier |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26135641 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/11462 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
Biosand filters in the Artibonite Valley of Haiti, the epicenter of the cholera epidemic
that began in October 2010, were tested for total coliform and Vibrio cholerae removal
efficiencies. While coliform are often used as an indicator organism for pathogenic
bacteria, a correlation has never been established linking the concentration of coliform
and V. cholerae, the causative agent for cholera. Hence, a method for field enumeration
of V. cholerae was developed and tested. To this end, a plate count test utilizing
membrane filtration technique was developed to measure viable V. cholerae cell concentration
in the field. Method accuracy was confirmed by comparing plate count concentrations
to microscopic counts. Additionally, biosand filters were sampled and removal efficiencies
of V. cholerae and coliform bacteria compared. The correlation between removal efficiency
and time in operation, biofilm ("schmutzdecke") composition, and idle time was also
investigated. The plate count method for V. cholerae was found to accurately reflect
microscope counts and was shown to be effective in the field. Overall, coliform concentration
was not an appropriate indicator of V. cholerae concentration. In 90% of the influent
samples from the study, coliform underestimated V. cholerae concentration (n = 26).
Furthermore, coliform removal efficiency was higher than for V. cholerae hence providing
a conservative measurement. Finally, time in operation and idle time were found to
be important parameters controlling performance. Overall, this method shows promise
for field applications and should be expanded to additional studies to confirm its
efficacy to test for V. cholerae in various source waters.
|
|
dc.language |
eng |
|
dc.relation.ispartof |
Environ Monit Assess |
|
dc.relation.isversionof |
10.1007/s10661-015-4677-1 |
|
dc.subject |
Cholera |
|
dc.subject |
Environmental Monitoring |
|
dc.subject |
Filtration |
|
dc.subject |
Haiti |
|
dc.subject |
Membranes, Artificial |
|
dc.subject |
Vibrio cholerae |
|
dc.subject |
Water Microbiology |
|
dc.title |
Evaluation of a field appropriate membrane filtration method for the detection of
Vibrio cholerae for the measurement of biosand filter performance in the Artibonite
Valley, Haiti.
|
|
dc.type |
Journal article |
|
pubs.author-url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26135641 |
|
pubs.begin-page |
484 |
|
pubs.issue |
8 |
|
pubs.organisational-group |
Civil and Environmental Engineering |
|
pubs.organisational-group |
Duke |
|
pubs.organisational-group |
Environmental Sciences and Policy |
|
pubs.organisational-group |
Nicholas School of the Environment |
|
pubs.organisational-group |
Pratt School of Engineering |
|
pubs.publication-status |
Published |
|
pubs.volume |
187 |
|
dc.identifier.eissn |
1573-2959 |
|