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An Analysis Comparing Mangrove Conditions under Different Management Scenarios in Southeast Asia
Abstract
Mangroves in Phang Nga Bay, Thailand and in Matang Mangrove Reserve, Malaysia serve
a variety of crucial ecosystem services. However, they are threatened by various natural
and human-influenced factors such as tsunami damage and development in recent decades.
This project provides a look at how distribution and status of mangrove forests have
changed over time and how mangrove health changes over time.
Selected Landsat 5 TM images from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed to classify the land
use changes by object-oriented method using feature extraction and by supervised classification.
The expansion in urban development and agriculture is concerning for both Thailand
and Malaysia according to the literature review (Gopal and Chauhan 2006; Giri et al.
2008). The Phang Nga Bay mangroves experienced significant 6.3% decline from 2003
to 2010 according to the supervised classification with tasseled-cap transformation.
The Matang mangroves experienced a 3.95% decline from 2000 to 2010 according to the
supervised classification. Although these mangroves are declining at a slower rate
than the reported national and global average, the rate of decrease is still concerning
compare to other Southeast Asian mangroves.
We also examined the overall characteristics such as EVI, NDVI, GPP, and NDWI using
Google Earth Engine to compare the overall patterns in the two study areas. There
is no significant difference in EVI between the two study areas. The EVI value is
0.54 for the site in Thailand and 0.52 for the site in Malaysia. NDVI is higher for
mangroves in the Thai site (0.61) than the Malaysian site (0.42). Mangroves at the
Malaysian site has higher GPP and NDWI. The mean GPP for the site in Malaysia is 354
kg*C/m^2, while the mean GPP is only 217 kg*C/m^2 for the site in Thailand. The trend
in GPP can be fit into an ARIMA(1, 0, 1)*(1, 0, 0)46 model for the Thai site and an
ARIMA(2, 0, 1)*(1, 0, 0)46 model for the Malaysia site. The NDWI values are 0.149
and 0.137 for the Malaysian site and the Thai site correspondingly.
The derived indices (tasseled cap, NDVI, and SAVI) were used to classify the mangrove
areas into subclasses. An EO-1 Hyperion imagery from 2014 was examined to classify
mangrove types in the Thai study area. We were able to classify mangroves into edge,
island, riverine, estuary, and inland types based on the good spectral bands. A spectral
library for the region or field data is necessary for more exact species classification.
In terms of management, the local conservation departments and national park services
in Thailand need to reach out more frequently to the local community and educate the
fishermen and hoteliers about the ecosystem services of mangroves. It can be worthwhile
for Matang forest managers to test the mixed block method with managed and natural
mangrove patches to sustain biodiversity and ecological function of mangrove forests.
Type
Master's projectPermalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/14138Citation
Shi, Congjie (2017). An Analysis Comparing Mangrove Conditions under Different Management Scenarios in
Southeast Asia. Master's project, Duke University. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/14138.Collections
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