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    Does Medicaid pay more to a program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE) than for fee-for-service long-term care?

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    Date
    2013-01
    Authors
    Wieland, Darryl
    Kinosian, B
    Stallard, Eric
    Boland, R
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    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: In rebalancing from nursing homes (NHs), states are increasing access of NH-certified dually eligible (Medicare/Medicaid) patients to community waiver programs and Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE). Prior evaluations suggest Medicaid's PACE capitation exceeds its spending for comparable admissions in alternative care, although the latter may be underestimated. We test whether Medicaid payments to PACE are lower than predicted fee-for-service outlays in a long-term care admission cohort. METHODS: Using grade-of-membership methods, we model health deficits for dual eligibles aged 55 or more entering waiver, PACE, and NH in South Carolina (n = 3,988). Clinical types, membership vectors, and program type prevalences are estimated. We calculate a blend, fitting PACE between fee-for-service cohorts, whose postadmission 1-year utilization was converted to attrition-adjusted outlays. PACE's capitation is compared with blend-based expenditure predictions. RESULTS: Four clinical types describe population health deficits/service needs. The waiver cohort is most represented in the least impaired type (1: 47.1%), NH entrants in the most disabled (4: 38.5%). Most prevalent in PACE was a dementia type, 3 (32.7%). PACE's blend was waiver: 0.5602 (95% CI: 0.5472, 0.5732) and NH: 0.4398 (0.4268, 0.4528). Average Medicaid attrition-adjusted 1-year payments for waiver and NH were $4,177 and $77,945. The mean predicted cost for PACE patients in alternative long-term care was $36,620 ($35,662 and $37,580). PACE's Medicaid capitation was $27,648-28% below the lower limit of predicted fee-for-service payments. CONCLUSIONS: PACE's capitation was well under outlays for equivalent patients in alternative care-a substantial savings for Medicaid. Our methods provide a rate-setting element for PACE and other managed long-term care.
    Type
    Journal article
    Subject
    Aged
    Cohort Studies
    Costs and Cost Analysis
    Fee-for-Service Plans
    Female
    Health Services for the Aged
    Humans
    Long-Term Care
    Male
    Managed Care Programs
    Medicaid
    Medicare
    Middle Aged
    Models, Economic
    Nursing Homes
    South Carolina
    United States
    Permalink
    https://hdl.handle.net/10161/14891
    Published Version (Please cite this version)
    10.1093/gerona/gls137
    Publication Info
    Wieland, Darryl; Kinosian, B; Stallard, Eric; & Boland, R (2013). Does Medicaid pay more to a program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE) than for fee-for-service long-term care?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 68(1). pp. 47-55. 10.1093/gerona/gls137. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/14891.
    This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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    Scholars@Duke

    Stallard

    Patrick J. Eric Stallard

    Research Professor in the SocialScience Research Institute
    I am a Research Professor in the Social Science Research Institute and Co-Director of the Biodemography of Aging Research Unit at Duke University. I am a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries, a Fellow of the Conference of Consulting Actuaries, and an Associate of the Society of Actuaries. My research expertise includes modeling and forecasting for biomedical demography and health/LTC actuarial practice. My expertise in these areas is evidenced by my five books, five monographs, 151 sci
    Wieland

    Darryl Wieland

    Research Scientist, Senior
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