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Clinically significant bleeding with low-dose rivaroxaban versus aspirin, in addition to P2Y12 inhibition, in acute coronary syndromes (GEMINI-ACS-1): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised trial.

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Date
2017-05-06
Authors
Ohman, E Magnus
Roe, Matthew T
Steg, P Gabriel
James, Stefan K
Povsic, Thomas J
White, Jennifer
Rockhold, Frank
Plotnikov, Alexei
Mundl, Hardi
Strony, John
Sun, Xiang
Husted, Steen
Tendera, Michal
Montalescot, Gilles
Bahit, M Cecilia
Ardissino, Diego
Bueno, Héctor
Claeys, Marc J
Nicolau, Jose C
Cornel, Jan H
Goto, Shinya
Kiss, Róbert Gábor
Güray, Ümit
Park, Duk-Woo
Bode, Christoph
Welsh, Robert C
Gibson, C Michael
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(27 total)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), aspirin plus a P2Y12 inhibitor, is the standard antithrombotic treatment following acute coronary syndromes. The factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban reduced mortality and ischaemic events when added to DAPT, but caused increased bleeding. The safety of a dual pathway antithrombotic therapy approach combining low-dose rivaroxaban (in place of aspirin) with a P2Y12 inhibitor has not been assesssed in acute coronary syndromes. We aimed to assess rivaroxaban 2·5 mg twice daily versus aspirin 100 mg daily, in addition to clopidogrel or ticagrelor (chosen at investigator discretion before randomisation), for patients with acute coronary syndromes started within 10 days after presentation and continued for 6-12 months. METHODS: In this double-blind, multicentre, randomised trial (GEMINI-ACS-1) done at 371 clinical centres in 21 countries, eligible patients were older than 18 years with unstable angina, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with positive cardiac biomarkers and either ischaemic electrocardiographic changes or an atherosclerotic culprit lesion identified during angiography. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) within 10 days after admission for the index acute coronary syndromes event to either aspirin or rivaroxaban based on a computer-generated randomisation schedule. Randomisation was balanced by using randomly permuted blocks with size of four and was stratified based on the background P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) intended to be used at the time of randomisation. Investigators and patients were masked to treatment assignment. Patients received a minimum of 180 days of double-blind treatment with rivaroxaban 2·5 mg twice daily or aspirin 100 mg daily. The choice of clopidogrel or ticagrelor during trial conduct was not randomised and was based on investigator preference. The primary endpoint was thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) clinically significant bleeding not related to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; major, minor, or requiring medical attention) up to day 390. Primary analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02293395. FINDINGS: Between April 22, 2015, and Oct 14, 2016, 3037 patients with acute coronary syndromes were randomly assigned; 1518 to receive aspirin and 1519 to receive rivaroxaban. 1704 patients (56%) were in the ticagrelor and 1333 (44%) in the clopidogrel strata. Median duration of treatment was 291 days (IQR 239-354). TIMI non-CABG clinically significant bleeding was similar with rivaroxaban versus aspirin therapy (total 154 patients [5%]; 80 participants [5%] of 1519 vs 74 participants [5%] of 1518; HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·80-1·50]; p=0·5840). INTERPRETATION: A dual pathway antithrombotic therapy approach combining low-dose rivaroxaban with a P2Y12 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes had similar risk of clinically significant bleeding as aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor. A larger, adequately powered trial would be required to definitively assess the efficacy and safety of this approach. FUNDING: Janssen Research & Development and Bayer AG.
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Journal article
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/15450
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30751-1
Publication Info
Ohman, E Magnus; Roe, Matthew T; Steg, P Gabriel; James, Stefan K; Povsic, Thomas J; White, Jennifer; ... Gibson, C Michael (2017). Clinically significant bleeding with low-dose rivaroxaban versus aspirin, in addition to P2Y12 inhibition, in acute coronary syndromes (GEMINI-ACS-1): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet, 389(10081). pp. 1799-1808. 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30751-1. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/15450.
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Scholars@Duke

Ohman

Erik Magnus Ohman

Professor of Medicine
Dr. Ohman, Professor of Medicine, received medical degrees from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and the National University of Ireland (1984, Fellowship 1984-1987), and completed his training in cardiology at Duke University (1987-1991), where he has remained on faculty. In 2001, he became Chief of Cardiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he founded the UNC Heart Center and became its first director. In 2005 he returned to Duke to pursue his interest in ad
Povsic

Thomas Joseph Povsic

Professor of Medicine
Rockhold

Frank Wesley Rockhold

Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
Frank is a full time Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Faculty Director for Biostatistics at Duke University Medical Center, Affiliate Professor of Biostatistics at Virginia Commonwealth University, and Strategic Consultant at Hunter Rockhold, Inc.  His 40+-year career includes senior research positions at Lilly, Merck, and GlaxoSmithKline, where he retired as Chief Safety Officer and Senior Vice President of Global Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance.  He h
Roe

Matthew Todd Roe

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine
My clinical activities focus upon general, preventive, and acute care cardiology.  I round regularly on the inpatient general cardiology and coronary care unit (CCU) services and i have a particular interest in the treatment and management of patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.  In my outpatient clinic, I care for patients with a variety of cardiovascular conditions include chronic coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation,
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