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Effect of socioeconomic status as measured by education level on survival in breast cancer clinical trials.

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Date
2013-02
Authors
Herndon, James E
Kornblith, Alice B
Holland, Jimmie C
Paskett, Electra D
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status, as measured by education, on the survival of breast cancer patients treated on 10 studies conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. METHODS: Sociodemographic data, including education, were reported by the patient at trial enrollment. Cox proportional hazards model stratified by treatment arm/study was used to examine the effect of education on survival among patients with early stage and metastatic breast cancer, after adjustment for known prognostic factors. RESULTS: The patient population included 1020 patients with metastatic disease and 5146 patients with early stage disease. Among metastatic patients, factors associated with poorer survival in the final multivariable model included African American race, never married, negative estrogen receptor status, prior hormonal therapy, visceral involvement, and bone involvement. Among early stage patients, significant factors associated with poorer survival included African American race, separated/widowed, post/perimenopausal, negative/unknown estrogen receptor status, negative progesterone receptor status, >4 positive nodes, tumor diameter >2 cm, and education. Having not completed high school was associated with poorer survival among early stage patients. Among metastatic patients, non-African American women who lacked a high school degree had poorer survival than other non-African American women, and African American women who lacked a high school education had better survival than educated African American women. CONCLUSIONS: Having less than a high school education is a risk factor for death among patients with early stage breast cancer who participated in a clinical trial, with its impact among metastatic patients being less clear. Post-trial survivorship plans need to focus on women with low social status, as measured by education.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Adult
African Americans
Aged
Breast Neoplasms
Clinical Trials as Topic
Educational Status
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Proportional Hazards Models
Risk Factors
Social Class
Survival Rate
United States
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/16122
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1002/pon.2094
Publication Info
Herndon, James E; Kornblith, Alice B; Holland, Jimmie C; & Paskett, Electra D (2013). Effect of socioeconomic status as measured by education level on survival in breast cancer clinical trials. Psychooncology, 22(2). pp. 315-323. 10.1002/pon.2094. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/16122.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Herndon

James Emmett Herndon II

Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
Current research interests have application to the design and analysis of cancer clinical trials. Specifically, interests include the use of time-dependent covariables within survival models, the design of phase II cancer clinical trials which minimize some of the logistical problems associated with their conduct, and the analysis of longitudinal studies with informative censoring (in particular, quality of life studies of patients with advanced cancer).
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