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A Deep-Learning Algorithm for Thyroid Malignancy Prediction From Whole Slide Cytopathology Images

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Authors
Dov, David
Kovalsky, Shahar Z
Assaad, Serge
Cohen, Jonathan
Range, Danielle Elliott
Pendse, Avani A
Henao, Ricardo
Carin, Lawrence
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Abstract
We consider thyroid-malignancy prediction from ultra-high-resolution whole-slide cytopathology images. We propose a deep-learning-based algorithm that is inspired by the way a cytopathologist diagnoses the slides. The algorithm identifies diagnostically relevant image regions and assigns them local malignancy scores, that in turn are incorporated into a global malignancy prediction. We discuss the relation of our deep-learning-based approach to multiple-instance learning (MIL) and describe how it deviates from classical MIL methods by the use of a supervised procedure to extract relevant regions from the whole-slide. The analysis of our algorithm further reveals a close relation to hypothesis testing, which, along with unique characteristics of thyroid cytopathology, allows us to devise an improved training strategy. We further propose an ordinal regression framework for the simultaneous prediction of thyroid malignancy and an ordered diagnostic score acting as a regularizer, which further improves the predictions of the network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms several competing methods, achieving performance comparable to human experts.
Type
Journal article
Subject
physics.med-ph
physics.med-ph
cs.CV
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/18529
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Scholars@Duke

Carin

Lawrence Carin

Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lawrence Carin earned the BS, MS, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park, in 1985, 1986, and 1989, respectively. In 1989 he joined the Electrical Engineering Department at Polytechnic University (Brooklyn) as an Assistant Professor, and became an Associate Professor there in 1994. In September 1995 he joined the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at Duke University, where he is now a Professor. He was ECE Department Chair from 2011

Dov David

Adjunct Associate in the Department of Pathology
Henao

Ricardo Henao

Associate Professor in Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
Kovalsky

Shahar Kovalsky

Phillip Griffiths Assistant Research Professor
Pendse

Avani Anil Pendse

Associate Professor of Pathology
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