First-order approximation to English, second-order approximation to English, and orthographic neighbor ratio norms for 925 nouns
Abstract
First- and second-order approximations to English and orthographic neighbor ratio
values are provided for Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan's (1968) 925 nouns. First- and
second-order approximations to English are information theory measures of the probability
of generating a word on a letter-by-letter basis. The orthographic neighbor ratio
is the frequency of a word divided by the sum of the frequencies of all words that
can be generated by changing one of its letters. Thus, the orthographic neighbor ratio
provides a measure of a sophisticated guessing model in which partial information
about a word is obtained and a decision is made on the basis of the relative frequencies
of the possible responses. Correlations with existing norms are reported. © 1981 Psychonomic
Society, Inc.
Type
Journal articleSubject
Social SciencesScience & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Psychology, Biological
Behavioral Sciences
Psychology, Experimental
Psychology
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/18986Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.3758/BF03207956Publication Info
Rubin, DC (1981). First-order approximation to English, second-order approximation to English, and orthographic
neighbor ratio norms for 925 nouns. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 13(6). pp. 713-721. 10.3758/BF03207956. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/18986.This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this
article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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David C. Rubin
Juanita M. Kreps Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
For .pdfs of all publications click here My main research interest has been in long-term
memory, especially for complex (or "real-world") stimuli. This work includes the study
of autobiographical memory and oral traditions, as w

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