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Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future.

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Date
2019-05
Authors
Smith, Justin S
Shaffrey, Christopher I
Ames, Christopher P
Lenke, Lawrence G
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Abstract
Care of the patient with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has evolved from being primarily supportive to now having the ability to directly treat and correct the spinal pathology. The focus of this narrative literature review is to briefly summarize the history of ASD treatment, discuss the current state of the art of ASD care with focus on surgical treatment and current challenges, and conclude with a discussion of potential developments related to ASD surgery.In the past, care for ASD was primarily based on supportive measures, including braces and assistive devices, with few options for surgical treatments that were often deemed high risk and reserved for rare situations. Advances in anesthetic and critical care, surgical techniques, and instrumentation now enable almost routine surgery for many patients with ASD. Despite the advances, there are many remaining challenges currently impacting the care of ASD patients, including increasing numbers of elderly patients with greater comorbidities, high complication and reoperation rates, and high procedure cost without clearly demonstrated cost-effectiveness based on standard criteria. In addition, there remains considerable variability across multiple aspects of ASD surgery. For example, there is currently very limited ability to provide preoperative individualized counseling regarding optimal treatment approaches (e.g., operative vs nonoperative), complication risks with surgery, durability of surgery, and likelihood of achieving individualized patient goals and satisfaction. Despite the challenges associated with the current state-of-the-art ASD treatment, surgery continues to be a primary option, as multiple reports have demonstrated the potential for surgery to significantly improve pain and disability. The future of ASD care will likely include techniques and technologies to markedly reduce complication rates, including greater use of navigation and robotics, and a shift toward individualized medicine that enables improved counseling, preoperative planning, procedure safety, and patient satisfaction.Advances in the care of ASD patients have been remarkable over the past few decades. The current state of the art enables almost routine surgical treatment for many types of ASD that have the potential to significantly improve pain and disability. However, significant challenges remain, including high complication rates, lack of demonstrated cost-effectiveness, and limited ability to meaningfully counsel patients preoperatively on an individual basis. The future of ASD surgery will require continued improvement of predictability, safety, and sustainability.
Type
Journal article
Subject
ASD = adult spinal deformity
CAT = computer adaptive testing
GSA = global sagittal alignment
ISSG = International Spine Study Group
LL = lumbar lordosis
MIS = minimally invasive surgery
PI = pelvic incidence
PJK = proximal junctional kyphosis
PROM = patient-reported outcomes measure
PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
PSO = pedicle subtraction osteotomy
PT = pelvic tilt
RF = rod fracture
SVA = sagittal vertical axis
UIV = uppermost instrumented vertebra
adult spinal deformity
complications
future
history
predictive analytics
robotics
surgery
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19127
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.3171/2019.1.spine181494
Publication Info
Smith, Justin S; Shaffrey, Christopher I; Ames, Christopher P; & Lenke, Lawrence G (2019). Treatment of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity: past, present, and future. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 30(5). pp. 551-567. 10.3171/2019.1.spine181494. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19127.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Shaffrey

Christopher Ignatius Shaffrey

Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
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