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Pharmacists' attitudes toward dispensing naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder: A scoping review of the literature.

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Date
2019-08-16
Authors
Muzyk, Andrew
Smothers, Zachary PW
Collins, Kathryn
MacEachern, Mark
Wu, Li-Tzy
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Abstract
Background: Pharmacists are on the frontline caring for patients at risk of an opioid overdose and for patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD). Dispensing naloxone and medications for OUD and counseling patients about these medications are ways pharmacists can provide care. Key to pharmacists' involvement is their willingness to take on these practice responsibilities. Methods: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify, evaluate, and summarize published literature describing pharmacists' attitudes toward naloxone and medications for OUD, i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. All searches were performed on December 7, 2018, in 5 databases: Embase.com, PubMed.gov, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCOhost, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Wiley, and Clarivate Web of Science. Articles included original research conducted in the United States, described attitude-related language toward naloxone and medications for OUD, and pharmacists. Results: A total of 1323 articles were retrieved, 7 were included. Five studies reported on pharmacists' attitudes toward naloxone dispensing, 1 study reported on attitudes toward naloxone, buprenorphine, and buprenorphine/naloxone, and 1 reported on attitudes toward buprenorphine/naloxone. Respondents were diverse, including pharmacists from different practice specialties. Studies found that pharmacists agreed with a naloxone standing order, believed that naloxone should be dispensed to individuals at risk of an opioid overdose, and were supportive of dispensing buprenorphine. A minority of pharmacists expressed negative attitudes. Barriers cited to implementation included education and training, workflow, and management support. Conclusions: Pharmacists were positive in their attitudes toward increased practice responsibilities for patients at risk of an opioid overdose or with an OUD. Pharmacists must receive education and training to be current in their understanding of OUD medications, and they must be supported in order to provide effective care to this patient population.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Attitudes
buprenorphine
naloxone
opioid
pharmacists
substance use
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19269
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1080/08897077.2019.1616349
Publication Info
Muzyk, Andrew; Smothers, Zachary PW; Collins, Kathryn; MacEachern, Mark; & Wu, Li-Tzy (2019). Pharmacists' attitudes toward dispensing naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder: A scoping review of the literature. Substance abuse. pp. 1-8. 10.1080/08897077.2019.1616349. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19269.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Muzyk

Andrew Muzyk

Associate Professor of the Practice of Medical Education
Dr. Andrew Muzyk is an Associate Professor of the Practice of Medical Education at Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, NC and an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice at Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Buies Creek, NC. Dr. Muzyk also holds a Clinical Associate appointment in the Duke University School of Nursing. Dr. Muzyk's responsibilities include teaching students across numerous health professions programs, rounding as a c
Wu

Li-Tzy Wu

Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Education/Training: Pre- and post-doctoral training in mental health service research, psychiatric epidemiology (NIMH T32), and addiction epidemiology (NIDA T32) from Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health (Maryland); Fellow of the NIH Summer Institute on the Design and Conduct of Randomized Clinical Trials.Director: Duke Community Based Substance Use Disorder Research Program.Research interests: COVID-19, Opioid misuse, Opioid overdose, Opioid use disorder
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