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Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation.

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Date
2019-11
Authors
Perez, Marco V
Mahaffey, Kenneth W
Hedlin, Haley
Rumsfeld, John S
Garcia, Ariadna
Ferris, Todd
Balasubramanian, Vidhya
Russo, Andrea M
Rajmane, Amol
Cheung, Lauren
Hung, Grace
Lee, Justin
Kowey, Peter
Talati, Nisha
Nag, Divya
Gummidipundi, Santosh E
Beatty, Alexis
Hills, Mellanie True
Desai, Sumbul
Granger, Christopher B
Desai, Manisha
Turakhia, Mintu P
Apple Heart Study Investigators
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:Optical sensors on wearable devices can detect irregular pulses. The ability of a smartwatch application (app) to identify atrial fibrillation during typical use is unknown. METHODS:Participants without atrial fibrillation (as reported by the participants themselves) used a smartphone (Apple iPhone) app to consent to monitoring. If a smartwatch-based irregular pulse notification algorithm identified possible atrial fibrillation, a telemedicine visit was initiated and an electrocardiography (ECG) patch was mailed to the participant, to be worn for up to 7 days. Surveys were administered 90 days after notification of the irregular pulse and at the end of the study. The main objectives were to estimate the proportion of notified participants with atrial fibrillation shown on an ECG patch and the positive predictive value of irregular pulse intervals with a targeted confidence interval width of 0.10. RESULTS:We recruited 419,297 participants over 8 months. Over a median of 117 days of monitoring, 2161 participants (0.52%) received notifications of irregular pulse. Among the 450 participants who returned ECG patches containing data that could be analyzed - which had been applied, on average, 13 days after notification - atrial fibrillation was present in 34% (97.5% confidence interval [CI], 29 to 39) overall and in 35% (97.5% CI, 27 to 43) of participants 65 years of age or older. Among participants who were notified of an irregular pulse, the positive predictive value was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76 to 0.92) for observing atrial fibrillation on the ECG simultaneously with a subsequent irregular pulse notification and 0.71 (97.5% CI, 0.69 to 0.74) for observing atrial fibrillation on the ECG simultaneously with a subsequent irregular tachogram. Of 1376 notified participants who returned a 90-day survey, 57% contacted health care providers outside the study. There were no reports of serious app-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS:The probability of receiving an irregular pulse notification was low. Among participants who received notification of an irregular pulse, 34% had atrial fibrillation on subsequent ECG patch readings and 84% of notifications were concordant with atrial fibrillation. This siteless (no on-site visits were required for the participants), pragmatic study design provides a foundation for large-scale pragmatic studies in which outcomes or adherence can be reliably assessed with user-owned devices. (Funded by Apple; Apple Heart Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03335800.).
Type
Journal article
Subject
Apple Heart Study Investigators
Humans
Atrial Fibrillation
Electrocardiography
Prospective Studies
Predictive Value of Tests
Confidentiality
Telemedicine
Algorithms
Adult
Aged
Middle Aged
Female
Male
Mobile Applications
Wearable Electronic Devices
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19577
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1056/nejmoa1901183
Publication Info
Perez, Marco V; Mahaffey, Kenneth W; Hedlin, Haley; Rumsfeld, John S; Garcia, Ariadna; Ferris, Todd; ... Apple Heart Study Investigators (2019). Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. The New England journal of medicine, 381(20). pp. 1909-1917. 10.1056/nejmoa1901183. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19577.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Granger

Christopher Bull Granger

Professor of Medicine
Research: My primary research interest is in conduct and methodology of large randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I have led a number of large international clinical studies in heart attacks, unstable angina, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. I have lead clinical studies of blood thinners and coronary intervention for heart attacks, stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, and prevention of heart attack for patients with coronary artery disease. I have been co-directo
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