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Phylogeny, divergence time estimates, and phylogeography of the diploid species of the polypodium vulgare complex (Polypodiaceae)
Abstract
© 2014 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. The Polypodium vulgare complex
(Polypodiaceae) comprises a well-studied group of fern taxa whose members are cryptically
differentiated morphologically and have generated a confusing and highly reticulate
species cluster. Once considered a single species spanning much of northern Eurasia
and North America, P. vulgare has been segregated into 17 diploid and polyploid taxa
as a result of cytotaxonomic work, hybridization experiments, and isozyme studies
conducted during the 20th century. Despite considerable effort, however, the evolutionary
relationships among the diploid members of the P. vulgare complex remain poorly resolved.
Here we infer a diploids-only phylogeny of the P. vulgare complex and related species
to test previous hypotheses concerning relationships within Polypodium sensu stricto.
Using sequence data from four plastid loci (atpA, rbcL, matK, and trnG-trnR), we recovered
a monophyletic P. vulgare complex comprising four well-supported clades. The P. vulgare
complex is resolved as sister to the Neotropical P. plesiosorum group and these, in
turn, are sister to the Asian endemic Pleurosoriopsis makinoi. Using divergence time
analyses incorporating previously derived age constraints and fossil data, we estimate
an early Miocene origin for the P. vulgare complex and a late Miocene-Pliocene origin
for the four major diploid lineages of the complex, with the majority of extant diploid
species diversifying from the late Miocene through the Pleistocene. Finally, we use
our node age estimates to reassess previous hypotheses, and to propose new hypotheses,
about the historical events that shaped the diversity and current geographic distribution
of the diploid species of the P. vulgare complex.
Type
Journal articleSubject
Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & Biomedicine
Plant Sciences
Evolutionary Biology
Divergence dating
Hawaiian Islands
Macaronesia
plastid sequence data
Pleistocene
POLYGRAMMOID FERNS POLYPODIACEAE
CHLOROPLAST DNA
MATERNAL INHERITANCE
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES
PACIFIC-NORTHWEST
GENUS
EVOLUTION
INSIGHTS
DIVERSIFICATION
MITOCHONDRIAL
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/21759Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1600/036364414X683921Publication Info
Sigel, EM; Windham, MD; Haufler, CH; & Pryer, KM (2014). Phylogeny, divergence time estimates, and phylogeography of the diploid species of
the polypodium vulgare complex (Polypodiaceae). Systematic Botany, 39(4). pp. 1042-1055. 10.1600/036364414X683921. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/21759.This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this
article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Kathleen M. Pryer
Professor of Biology

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