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Genes with high penetrance for syndromic and non-syndromic autism typically function within the nucleus and regulate gene expression.

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Date
2016-01
Authors
Casanova, Emily L
Sharp, Julia L
Chakraborty, Hrishikesh
Sumi, Nahid Sultana
Casanova, Manuel F
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:Intellectual disability (ID), autism, and epilepsy share frequent yet variable comorbidities with one another. In order to better understand potential genetic divergence underlying this variable risk, we studied genes responsible for monogenic IDs, grouped according to their autism and epilepsy comorbidities. METHODS:Utilizing 465 different forms of ID with known molecular origins, we accessed available genetic databases in conjunction with gene ontology (GO) to determine whether the genetics underlying ID diverge according to its comorbidities with autism and epilepsy and if genes highly penetrant for autism or epilepsy share distinctive features that set them apart from genes that confer comparatively variable or no apparent risk. RESULTS:The genetics of ID with autism are relatively enriched in terms associated with nervous system-specific processes and structural morphogenesis. In contrast, we find that ID with highly comorbid epilepsy (HCE) is modestly associated with lipid metabolic processes while ID without autism or epilepsy comorbidity (ID only) is enriched at the Golgi membrane. Highly comorbid autism (HCA) genes, on the other hand, are strongly enriched within the nucleus, are typically involved in regulation of gene expression, and, along with IDs with more variable autism, share strong ties with a core protein-protein interaction (PPI) network integral to basic patterning of the CNS. CONCLUSIONS:According to GO terminology, autism-related gene products are integral to neural development. While it is difficult to draw firm conclusions regarding IDs unassociated with autism, it is clear that the majority of HCA genes are tightly linked with general dysregulation of gene expression, suggesting that disturbances to the chronology of neural maturation and patterning may be key in conferring susceptibility to autism spectrum conditions.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Cell Nucleus
Humans
Epilepsy
Syndrome
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Nuclear Proteins
Risk
Autistic Disorder
Comorbidity
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Gene Expression Regulation
Body Patterning
Penetrance
Databases, Genetic
Neurogenesis
Genetic Association Studies
Epigenomics
Intellectual Disability
Protein Interaction Maps
Gene Ontology
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/21984
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1186/s13229-016-0082-z
Publication Info
Casanova, Emily L; Sharp, Julia L; Chakraborty, Hrishikesh; Sumi, Nahid Sultana; & Casanova, Manuel F (2016). Genes with high penetrance for syndromic and non-syndromic autism typically function within the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Molecular autism, 7(1). pp. 18. 10.1186/s13229-016-0082-z. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/21984.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Chakraborty

Hrishikesh Chakraborty

Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
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