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Gender, educational and ethnic differences in active life expectancy among older Singaporeans.

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Date
2016-04
Authors
Chan, Angelique
Malhotra, Rahul
Matchar, David B
Ma, Stefan
Saito, Yasuhiko
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Abstract
<h4>Aim</h4>The aim of the present study was to compute total life expectancy (TLE), active life expectancy (ALE) and inactive life expectancy among older Singaporeans by gender, education and ethnicity.<h4>Methods</h4>Data from a longitudinal survey of older Singaporeans were used. No difficulty in carrying out activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living was considered as "active." Transition probabilities across health states (active/inactive/dead) were assessed to develop multistate life tables, which estimated TLE, ALE and inactive life expectancy.<h4>Results</h4>At age 60 years, women, versus men, had significantly higher TLE (25.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.0-27.8 vs 21.6, 95% CI 20.1-23.1), but similar ALE (18.1, 95% CI 17.0-19.2 vs 18.9, 95% CI 17.7-20.2). Those with high (secondary or higher), versus low (primary or less), education had significantly higher TLE (28.5, 95% CI 25.0-32.0 vs 22.5, 95% CI 21.1-23.9) and ALE (23.5, 95% CI 21.2-25.7 vs 17.1, 95% CI 16.1-18.0) at age 60 years. Those of Chinese, versus non-Chinese, ethnicity had significantly higher ALE at age 60 years (19.4, 95% CI 18.4-20.3 vs 15.0, 95% CI 13.4-16.7).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Unlike Western nations, there was no gender difference in ALE among older adults in Singapore. However, difference in ALE by education among older Singaporeans was similar to that observed in Western societies. Policies focusing specifically on improving women's health at all ages, in addition to policies that increase population education levels, are promising approaches to improving ALE. Recognizing ethnic differences in ALE will help target policies that increase ALE in multicultural societies.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Humans
Activities of Daily Living
Health Surveys
Life Expectancy
Follow-Up Studies
Sex Factors
Aged
Middle Aged
Ethnic Groups
Educational Status
Singapore
Female
Male
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/22818
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1111/ggi.12493
Publication Info
Chan, Angelique; Malhotra, Rahul; Matchar, David B; Ma, Stefan; & Saito, Yasuhiko (2016). Gender, educational and ethnic differences in active life expectancy among older Singaporeans. Geriatrics & gerontology international, 16(4). pp. 466-473. 10.1111/ggi.12493. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/22818.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Matchar

David Bruce Matchar

Professor of Medicine
My research relates to clinical practice improvement - from the development of clinical policies to their implementation in real world clinical settings. Most recently my major content focus has been cerebrovascular disease. Other major clinical areas in which I work include the range of disabling neurological conditions, cardiovascular disease, and cancer prevention. Notable features of my work are: (1) reliance on analytic strategies such as meta-analysis, simulation, decision analy
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