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Prevalence and repair of intraoperatively diagnosed patent foramen ovale and association with perioperative outcomes and long-term survival.

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Date
2009-07
Authors
Krasuski, Richard A
Hart, Stephen A
Allen, Drew
Qureshi, Athar
Pettersson, Gosta
Houghtaling, Penny L
Batizy, Lillian H
Blackstone, Eugene
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Abstract
<h4>Context</h4>A recent survey suggested that cardiothoracic surgeons may alter planned procedures to repair incidentally discovered patent foramen ovale (PFO). How frequently this occurs and the impact on outcomes remain unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>To measure the frequency of incidentally discovered PFO closure during cardiothoracic surgery and determine its perioperative and long-term impact.<h4>Design, setting, and patients</h4>We reviewed the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiograms of 13,092 patients without prior diagnosis of PFO or atrial septal defect undergoing surgery at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, from 1995 through 2006. Postoperative outcomes were prospectively collected until discharge.<h4>Main outcome measures</h4>All-cause hospital mortality and stroke were predetermined primary outcomes; length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, and time on cardiopulmonary bypass were secondary outcomes.<h4>Results</h4>Intraoperative PFO was diagnosed in 2277 patients in the study population (17%), and risk factors for stroke were similar in patients with and without PFO. After propensity matching was performed with the comparator groups, patients with PFO demonstrated similar rates of in-hospital death (3.4% vs 2.6%, P = .11) and postoperative stroke (2.3% vs 2.3%, P = .84). Surgical closure was performed in 639 PFO patients (28%), and surgeons were more likely to close defects in patients who were younger (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [14] vs 64.4 [13] years; P < .001), were undergoing mitral or tricuspid valve surgery (51% vs 32%, P < .001), or had history of transient ischemic attack or stroke (16% vs 10%, P < .001). Patients with repaired PFO demonstrated a 2.47-times greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.02-6.00) of having a postoperative stroke compared with those with unrepaired PFO (2.8% vs 1.2%, P = .04). Long-term analysis demonstrated that PFO repair was associated with no survival difference (P = .12).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Incidental PFO is common in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery but is not associated with increased perioperative morbidity or mortality. Surgical closure appears unrelated to long-term survival and may increase postoperative stroke risk.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Humans
Postoperative Complications
Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Incidental Findings
Treatment Outcome
Length of Stay
Cardiac Surgical Procedures
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Intraoperative Period
Morbidity
Hospital Mortality
Risk
Survival Analysis
Aged
Middle Aged
Female
Male
Stroke
Foramen Ovale, Patent
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/24977
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1001/jama.2009.1012
Publication Info
Krasuski, Richard A; Hart, Stephen A; Allen, Drew; Qureshi, Athar; Pettersson, Gosta; Houghtaling, Penny L; ... Blackstone, Eugene (2009). Prevalence and repair of intraoperatively diagnosed patent foramen ovale and association with perioperative outcomes and long-term survival. JAMA, 302(3). pp. 290-297. 10.1001/jama.2009.1012. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/24977.
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Krasuski

Richard Andrew Krasuski

Professor of Medicine
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