Browsing Duke Scholarly Works by Title
Now showing items 8867-8886 of 12468
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R Markdown: Integrating A Reproducible Analysis Tool into Introductory Statistics
(Technology Innovations in Statistics Education, 2014)Nolan and Temple Lang argue that “the ability to express statistical computations is an es- sential skill.” A key related capacity is the ability to conduct and present data analysis in a way that another person can understand ... -
R&D costs and returns by therapeutic category
(Drug Information Journal, 2004-09-03)Objectives: This study examines the degree to which therapeutic class accounts for variability in drug development costs. It also scrutinizes how sales levels vary across the associated therapeutic classes for those drugs ... -
R&D Costs and Returns to New Drug Development: A Review of the Evidence
(The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry, 2012-09-18)© 2012 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.This article reviews the extensive literature on R&D costs and returns. The first section focuses on R&D costs and the various factors that have affected the trends ... -
R&d Costs, Innovative Output and Firm Size in the Pharmaceutical Industry
(International Journal of the Economics of Business, 1995-01-01)This study examines the relationships between firm size, R&D costs and output in the pharmaceutical industry. Project-level data from a survey of 12 US-owned pharmaceutical firms on drug development costs, development phase ... -
R5 clade C SHIV strains with tier 1 or 2 neutralization sensitivity: tools to dissect env evolution and to develop AIDS vaccines in primate models.
(PLoS One, 2010-07-21)BACKGROUND: HIV-1 clade C (HIV-C) predominates worldwide, and anti-HIV-C vaccines are urgently needed. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses are considered important but have proved difficult to elicit. Although some current ... -
Race and Consumption: Black and White Disparities in Household Spending
(Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 2016-05-09)Differences in consumption patterns are usually treated as a matter of preferences. In this article, the authors examine consumption from a structural perspective and argue that black households face unique constraints ... -
Race and Sex Differences in QRS Interval and Associated Outcome Among Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.
(J Am Heart Assoc, 2017-03-20)BACKGROUND: Prolonged QRS duration is associated with increased mortality among heart failure patients, but race or sex differences in QRS duration and associated effect on outcomes are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: ... -
Race Comparisons on Need for Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Alternative to Graham’s Narrative Review
(Review of Educational Research, 1995-01-01)A box score review conducted by Graham (1994) concluded that no difference existed between Blacks and Whites on measures of need for achievement. A meta-analysis reported in this article using the same research base revealed ... -
Race disparity in grants: check the citations.
(Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011-11) -
Race, Post-Reconstruction Politics, and the Birth of Federal Support for Black Colleges
(Journal of Policy History, 2022-01-01)In 1890, Congress passed the Second Morrill Land-Grant Act, which provided federal resources to support the creation of nineteen Black land-grant colleges. At a historical and political moment when Black Americans faced ... -
Race/ethnic disparities in symptom severity among children hospitalized with asthma
(Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 2007) -
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders among Older Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
(Journal of intensive care medicine, 2022-05-22)<h4>Background</h4>Older adults suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are subject to higher injury burden and mortality. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders are used to provide care aligned with patient wishes, but they ... -
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Treatment and Outcomes of Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Review.
(JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2020-01)Aortic stenosis (AS) is among the most common valvular heart diseases encountered in the United States. In this review the authors examine differences between racial and ethnic groups in the epidemiology and management of ... -
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Colon Cancer Screening in North Carolina.
(N C Med J, 2016-05) -
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in parkinsonism.
(Arch Neurol, 2011-04)OBJECTIVE: To assess potential racial and socioeconomic disparities in patients with parkinsonism treated at a tertiary Movement Disorders Center. METHODS: Patients with parkinsonism were evaluated for demographics (age, ... -
Racial differences in the association of CD14 polymorphisms with serum total IgE levels and allergen skin test reactivity.
(Journal of asthma and allergy, 2013-01)BACKGROUND: The CD14 C-159T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been investigated widely as a candidate genetic locus in patients with allergic disease. There are conflicting results for the association of the CD14 ... -
Racial differences in the prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation among patients hospitalized with heart failure.
(J Am Heart Assoc, 2013-09-26)BACKGROUND: The intersection of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, but the burden of AF among black patients with HF is poorly characterized. We sought to determine the prevalence of AF, characteristics, ... -
Racial disparities in perinatal mental health care during COVID-19
(Current Psychiatry, 2022-01-01)
