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Host gene expression classifiers diagnose acute respiratory illness etiology.

Burke, T; Cairns, CB; Carin, Lawrence; Fowler, Vance Garrison Jr; Freeman, DH; Ginsburg, Geoffrey Steven; Glickman, Seth W; ... (24 authors) (Sci Transl Med, 2016-01-20)

Acute respiratory infections caused by bacterial or viral pathogens are among the most common reasons for seeking medical care. Despite improvements in pathogen-based diagnostics, most patients receive inappropriate antibiotics. ...

Cortical Brain Activity Reflecting Attentional Biasing Toward Reward-Predicting Cues Covaries with Economic Decision-Making Performance.

Appelbaum, Lawrence Gregory; Huettel, Scott; San Martín, R; Woldorff, Marty G (Cereb Cortex, 2016-01)

Adaptive choice behavior depends critically on identifying and learning from outcome-predicting cues. We hypothesized that attention may be preferentially directed toward certain outcome-predicting cues. We studied this ...

Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Volumes Differ in Maltreated Youth with and without Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

De Bellis, MD; Haswell, CC; Hooper, SR; Morey, Rajendra A (Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016-02)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered a disorder of recovery where individuals fail to learn and retain extinction of the traumatic fear response. In maltreated youth, PTSD is common, chronic, and associated ...

Traditional medicine practices among community members with diabetes mellitus in Northern Tanzania: an ethnomedical survey.

Stanifer, John; Patel, Uptal; Boyd, David; Lunyera, Joseph; Wang, Daphne; Maro, Venance; Karia, Francis; ... (8 authors) (BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2016-08-11)

Diabetes is a growing burden in sub-Saharan Africa where traditional medicines (TMs) remain a primary form of healthcare in many settings. In Tanzania, TMs are frequently used to treat non-communicable diseases, yet little ...