INTRODUCTION: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a well-established inverse risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The extent to which cardiovascular risk can be modified through changes in HDL, however, is less ...

BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair and pulmonary valvotomy for pulmonary stenosis (PS) lead to progressive pulmonary insufficiency (PI), right ventricular enlargement and dysfunction. This study assessed whether ...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of provoked exercise desaturation (PED) in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) referred for cardiovascular evaluation and to evaluate the impact of PFO closure. ...