A better understanding of 1) maternal HIV Envelope (Env)-specific IgG responses that are partially protective against vertical HIV transmission, and 2) factors that mediate the transplacental transfer of maternal protective ...

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a leading cause of death among B cell lymphomas. The disease displays a remarkable amount of genetic and clinical heterogeneity, ...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection worldwide, impacting 1 in 150 live-born infants. Children afflicted by congenital HCMV frequently suffer from lifelong, debilitating neurologic ...

T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system recognize antigens using T cell receptors, with each lymphocyte bearing a receptor of unique specificity. T cell receptors are generated through V(D)J recombination, a process ...

Many microbial pathogens have evolved to replicate within host cells. While a number of these pathogens reside within vacuolar compartments, others escape from host endosomal pathways to replicate intracytosolically. To ...

Cellular senescence is a unique cell fate characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and the extensive production and secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and growth factors, a phenomenon known ...

Antibodies are important therapeutic agents that can be elicited by vaccination or directly infused. However, the mechanisms by which antibodies achieve protection against pathogens are not fully elucidated, in particular ...

Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) and γδNKT cells are well-characterized innate-like counterparts of αβ and γδ T cells respectively that express semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) and are capable of mounting rapid immune ...

Mycobacterial infection leads to the formation of characteristic immune cell aggregates called granulomas. In humans and animal models, tuberculous granuloma formation is accompanied by dramatic remodeling of host vasculature ...

A successful HIV-1 vaccine is likely to be comprised of a polyclonal response with multiple antiviral functions that generate both broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that neutralize multiple strains of HIV and/ or functional ...