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<p>This paper constitutes a partial answer to the question of when political</p><p>resistance
campaigns that use primarily violent or nonviolent strategies occur. In doing so,
it attempts to bridge the gap between discussions of rebellion and civil resistance.
A number of broad theoretical propositions are made and statistically tested by combining
the NAVCO data on violent and nonviolent resistance campaigns with data that is commonly
used in the civil war literature. The study finds that revolutionary civil resistance
campaigns are unlikely to occur in democracies, population size does not obstruct
nonviolent collective action, and the present favors nonviolent resistance more than
the past, likely due to technological factors. It also provides evidence that divided
societies are associated with rebellion rather than civil resistance.</p>
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