“Those who live apart” were Mercenaries

Abstract

Since antiquity, scholars have thought that the phrase τοὺς χωρὶς οἰκοῦντας (Dem. 4.36) indicated a special class of slaves, or freedmen, or (Kazakévich) an unspecified form of free alien. The argument advanced in Dem. 4, this paper suggests, shows that the individuals who lived apart, were mercenaries.