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Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment.

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Date
2014
Authors
Li, Cai
Zhang, Yong
Li, Jianwen
Kong, Lesheng
Hu, Haofu
Pan, Hailin
Xu, Luohao
Deng, Yuan
Li, Qiye
Jin, Lijun
Yu, Hao
Chen, Yan
Liu, Binghang
Yang, Linfeng
Liu, Shiping
Zhang, Yan
Lang, Yongshan
Xia, Jinquan
He, Weiming
Shi, Qiong
Subramanian, Sankar
Millar, Craig D
Meader, Stephen
Rands, Chris M
Fujita, Matthew K
Greenwold, Matthew J
Castoe, Todd A
Pollock, David D
Gu, Wanjun
Nam, Kiwoong
Ellegren, Hans
Ho, Simon Yw
Burt, David W
Ponting, Chris P
Jarvis, Erich D
Gilbert, M Thomas P
Yang, Huanming
Wang, Jian
Lambert, David M
Wang, Jun
Zhang, Guojie
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Penguins are flightless aquatic birds widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The distinctive morphological and physiological features of penguins allow them to live an aquatic life, and some of them have successfully adapted to the hostile environments in Antarctica. To study the phylogenetic and population history of penguins and the molecular basis of their adaptations to Antarctica, we sequenced the genomes of the two Antarctic dwelling penguin species, the Adélie penguin [Pygoscelis adeliae] and emperor penguin [Aptenodytes forsteri]. RESULTS: Phylogenetic dating suggests that early penguins arose ~60 million years ago, coinciding with a period of global warming. Analysis of effective population sizes reveals that the two penguin species experienced population expansions from ~1 million years ago to ~100 thousand years ago, but responded differently to the climatic cooling of the last glacial period. Comparative genomic analyses with other available avian genomes identified molecular changes in genes related to epidermal structure, phototransduction, lipid metabolism, and forelimb morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Our sequencing and initial analyses of the first two penguin genomes provide insights into the timing of penguin origin, fluctuations in effective population sizes of the two penguin species over the past 10 million years, and the potential associations between these biological patterns and global climate change. The molecular changes compared with other avian genomes reflect both shared and diverse adaptations of the two penguin species to the Antarctic environment.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Adaptation
Antarctica
Avian genomics
Evolution
Penguins
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/9320
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1186/2047-217X-3-27
Publication Info
Li, Cai; Zhang, Yong; Li, Jianwen; Kong, Lesheng; Hu, Haofu; Pan, Hailin; ... Zhang, Guojie (2014). Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment. Gigascience, 3(1). pp. 27. 10.1186/2047-217X-3-27. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/9320.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Jarvis

Erich David Jarvis

Adjunct Professor in the Dept. of Neurobiology
Dr. Jarvis' laboratory studies the neurobiology of vocal communication. Emphasis is placed on the molecular pathways involved in the perception and production of learned vocalizations. They use an integrative approach that combines behavioral, anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular biological techniques. The main animal model used is songbirds, one of the few vertebrate groups that evolved the ability to learn vocalizations. The generality of the discoveries is tested in other vocal
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