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The past, present, and future of human centromere genomics.

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Date
2014-01-24
Authors
Aldrup-Macdonald, Megan E
Sullivan, Beth A
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Abstract
The centromere is the chromosomal locus essential for chromosome inheritance and genome stability. Human centromeres are located at repetitive alpha satellite DNA arrays that compose approximately 5% of the genome. Contiguous alpha satellite DNA sequence is absent from the assembled reference genome, limiting current understanding of centromere organization and function. Here, we review the progress in centromere genomics spanning the discovery of the sequence to its molecular characterization and the work done during the Human Genome Project era to elucidate alpha satellite structure and sequence variation. We discuss exciting recent advances in alpha satellite sequence assembly that have provided important insight into the abundance and complex organization of this sequence on human chromosomes. In light of these new findings, we offer perspectives for future studies of human centromere assembly and function.
Type
Journal article
Subject
CENP
alpha satellite
chromosome truncation
dicentric
heterochromatin
higher order repeat
human artificial chromosome
tet operon
transcription
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/9508
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Scholars@Duke

Sullivan

Beth Ann Sullivan

Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
Research in the Sullivan Lab is focused on chromosome organization, with a specific emphasis on the genomics and epigenetics of the chromosomal locus called the centromere and the formation and fate of chromosome abnormalities that are associated with birth defects, reproductive abnormalities, and cancer. The centromere is a specialized chromosomal site involved in chromosome architecture and movement, kinetochore function, heterochromatin assembly, and sister chromatid cohesion.Our
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