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In recent years, food waste has received an increasing amount of attention from academia,
the media and private industry. Realizing that this waste is also destroying value,
producers, grocers and other large generators of food waste are searching for alternate
disposal strategies which can save them money while also reducing their environmental
footprint. In this light, the US Environmental Protection Agency developed the Food
Recovery Hierarchy, a tool which helps provide context and suggestions for waste diversion.
This project specifically looks at shipments of fresh produce that have been rejected
by the market. These rejections arise when there is an over supply of produce or a
buyer rejects a shipment because of quality concerns. By scoping the issue within
the framework of North Carolina, the issues, solutions and recommendations for additional
diversion opportunities are more specific and can exist within a real world application.
Through a series of qualitative interviews linked together within a framework that
borrows from the grounded theory tradition, a number of success stories emerge. Through
a mixture of vertical integration, economies of scale and economies, businesses within
North Carolina are finding ways to increase the amount of waste they divert while
still keeping their sight on their own bottom lines. More importantly, these interviews
identify barriers to increasing diversion beyond current levels. Small- and medium-sized
companies lack the time and capabilities to craft complex waste diversion strategies.
Increasing transportation costs mean that producers of food waste are less incentivized
to ship waste through diversion streams that are more poorly distributed. This leads
many of those who do divert waste to use composting as a default diversion tactic,
as it requires less time and expense to use a single diversion stream.
State and local governments act as important players in increasing diversion activities.
In North Carolina, the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources works to
promote diversion activities in the state. Through programs such as NC Waste Trader,
the state can provide visibility for diversion activities and help reduce some of
the information barriers that come from a lack of scale.
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