Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.
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2021-07-23
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Abstract
Rationale & objective
Staphylococcus aureus (Saureus) bacteremia (SAB) is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We evaluated changes in clinical and bacterial characteristics, and their associations with clinical outcomes with SAB in this population over a 21-year period.Study design
Prospective cohort study.Setting & participants
453 hospitalized, non-neutropenic adults receiving maintenance HD who developed monomicrobial SAB between 1995 and 2015.Exposure
Clinical characteristics and bacterial genotype.Outcome
All-cause and SAB-attributable mortality, persistent bacteremia, and metastatic complications.Analytical approach
Proportions of participants experiencing each outcome were calculated overall and by calendar year. Secular trends were estimated using binomial risk regression, a generalized linear model with the log link function for a binomial outcome. Associations with outcomes were estimated using logistic regression.Results
Over the 21-year study period, patients receiving maintenance HD experienced significant increases in age- and diabetes-adjusted SAB-attributable mortality (0.45% [95% CI, 0.36%-0.46%] per year), persistent bacteremia (0.86% [95% CI, 0.14%-1.55%] per year), metastatic complications (0.84% [95% CI, 0.11%-1.56%] per year), and infection with the virulent Saureus clone USA300 (1.47% [95% CI, 0.33%-2.52%] per year). Over time, the suspected source of SAB was less likely to be a central venous catheter (-1.32% [95% CI, -2.05 to-0.56%] per year) or arteriovenous graft (-1.08% [95% CI, -1.54 to-0.56] per year), and more likely to be a nonvascular access source (1.89% [95% CI, 1.29%-2.43%] per year). Patients with a nonvascular access suspected source of infection were more likely to die as a result of their S aureus infection (OR, 3.20 [95% CI, 1.36-7.55]). The increase in USA300 infections may have contributed to the observed increase in persistent bacteremia (OR, 2.96 [95% CI, 1.12-7.83]) but did not explain the observed increases in SAB-attributable mortality (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.19-3.61]) or metastatic complications (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 0.53-3.41]).Limitations
Single-center, inpatient cohort.Conclusions
The clinical and molecular epidemiology of SAB in patients receiving maintenance HD has changed over time, with an increase in SAB-attributable mortality and morbidity despite a decline in catheter-related infections.Type
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Publication Info
Sinclair, Matthew R, Maria Souli, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence P Park, Michael Dagher, Emily M Eichenberger, Stacey A Maskarinec, Joshua T Thaden, et al. (2021). Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.018 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/24328.
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Scholars@Duke
Matthew Sinclair
Felicia Ruffin
Michael Dagher
Stacey Ann Maskarinec
Joshua Thomas Thaden
Christina Marie Wyatt
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