Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.

Abstract

Rationale & objective

Staphylococcus aureus (Saureus) bacteremia (SAB) is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We evaluated changes in clinical and bacterial characteristics, and their associations with clinical outcomes with SAB in this population over a 21-year period.

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting & participants

453 hospitalized, non-neutropenic adults receiving maintenance HD who developed monomicrobial SAB between 1995 and 2015.

Exposure

Clinical characteristics and bacterial genotype.

Outcome

All-cause and SAB-attributable mortality, persistent bacteremia, and metastatic complications.

Analytical approach

Proportions of participants experiencing each outcome were calculated overall and by calendar year. Secular trends were estimated using binomial risk regression, a generalized linear model with the log link function for a binomial outcome. Associations with outcomes were estimated using logistic regression.

Results

Over the 21-year study period, patients receiving maintenance HD experienced significant increases in age- and diabetes-adjusted SAB-attributable mortality (0.45% [95% CI, 0.36%-0.46%] per year), persistent bacteremia (0.86% [95% CI, 0.14%-1.55%] per year), metastatic complications (0.84% [95% CI, 0.11%-1.56%] per year), and infection with the virulent Saureus clone USA300 (1.47% [95% CI, 0.33%-2.52%] per year). Over time, the suspected source of SAB was less likely to be a central venous catheter (-1.32% [95% CI, -2.05 to-0.56%] per year) or arteriovenous graft (-1.08% [95% CI, -1.54 to-0.56] per year), and more likely to be a nonvascular access source (1.89% [95% CI, 1.29%-2.43%] per year). Patients with a nonvascular access suspected source of infection were more likely to die as a result of their S aureus infection (OR, 3.20 [95% CI, 1.36-7.55]). The increase in USA300 infections may have contributed to the observed increase in persistent bacteremia (OR, 2.96 [95% CI, 1.12-7.83]) but did not explain the observed increases in SAB-attributable mortality (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.19-3.61]) or metastatic complications (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 0.53-3.41]).

Limitations

Single-center, inpatient cohort.

Conclusions

The clinical and molecular epidemiology of SAB in patients receiving maintenance HD has changed over time, with an increase in SAB-attributable mortality and morbidity despite a decline in catheter-related infections.

Department

Description

Provenance

Citation

Published Version (Please cite this version)

10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.018

Publication Info

Sinclair, Matthew R, Maria Souli, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence P Park, Michael Dagher, Emily M Eichenberger, Stacey A Maskarinec, Joshua T Thaden, et al. (2021). Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.018 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/24328.

This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.

Scholars@Duke

Sinclair

Matthew Sinclair

Assistant Professor of Medicine
Ruffin

Felicia Ruffin

Research Program Leader, Tier 1
Dagher

Michael Dagher

House Staff
Maskarinec

Stacey Ann Maskarinec

Assistant Professor of Medicine
Thaden

Joshua Thomas Thaden

Associate Professor of Medicine
Wyatt

Christina Marie Wyatt

Associate Professor of Medicine

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