What is American Philosophy? Rorty, Emerson, and the Philosophy of Redescription

Abstract

Stanley Cavell once questioned whether or not America has ever expressed itself philosophically. The unresolved problem of America’s distinct philosophical expression jeopardizes its authenticity and leaves its values under pressure from Europe's deep history. However, through a reacquaintance with America’s most influential intellectual of the early 19th century, Ralph Waldo Emerson, America gains a chance to reestablish its philosophical expression. To make this reacquaintance with Emerson easier and to add modern relevance, I use Richard Rorty’s concept of redescription as a framework to interpret Emerson’s philosophy. I specifically examine Emerson’s idealism, anti-foundationalism, and ethic of creation. These aspects of Emerson’s philosophy align closely with Rorty’s redescriptive approach, which prioritizes reimagining intellectual paradigms to foster moral and social progress. I first start by interpreting Emerson as a philosopher, challenging conventional interpretations of him as only a writer or poet. Next, I define Rorty’s concept of redescription. Finally, I end by synthesizing Emerson’s philosophy and redescription, while responding to potential objections. Ultimately, I propose using Rorty’s concept of redescription as a framework for interpreting American philosophy. By reimagining Emerson through Rorty’s lens, we can reacquaint ourselves with America’s philosophical expression and assert a distinctive intellectual identity for the nation.