Whole body mechanics of stealthy walking in cats.

Bishop, Kristin L

Pai, Anita K

Schmitt, Daniel

United States

2011-06-21T17:31:26Z

2008

The metabolic cost associated with locomotion represents a significant part of an animal's metabolic energy budget. Therefore understanding the ways in which animals manage the energy required for locomotion by controlling muscular effort is critical to understanding limb design and the evolution of locomotor behavior. The assumption that energetic economy is the most important target of natural selection underlies many analyses of steady animal locomotion, leading to the prediction that animals will choose gaits and postures that maximize energetic efficiency. Many quadrupedal animals, particularly those that specialize in long distance steady locomotion, do in fact reduce the muscular contribution required for walking by adopting pendulum-like center of mass movements that facilitate exchange between kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE). However, animals that are not specialized for long distance steady locomotion may face a more complex set of requirements, some of which may conflict with the efficient exchange of mechanical energy. For example, the "stealthy" walking style of cats may demand slow movements performed with the center of mass close to the ground. Force plate and video data show that domestic cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) have lower mechanical energy recovery than mammals specialized for distance. A strong negative correlation was found between mechanical energy recovery and diagonality in the footfalls and there was also a negative correlation between limb compression and diagonality of footfalls such that more crouched postures tended to have greater diagonality. These data show a previously unrecognized mechanical relationship in which crouched postures are associated with changes in footfall pattern which are in turn related to reduced mechanical energy recovery. Low energy recovery was not associated with decreased vertical oscillations of the center of mass as theoretically predicted, but rather with posture and footfall pattern on the phase relationship between potential and kinetic energy. An important implication of these results is the possibility of a tradeoff between stealthy walking and economy of locomotion. This potential tradeoff highlights the complex and conflicting pressures that may govern the locomotor choices that animals make.

Version of Record

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043580

1932-6203

https://hdl.handle.net/10161/4508

eng

en_US

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

PLoS One

10.1371/journal.pone.0003808

Plos One

Animals

Cats

Energy Metabolism

Gait

Locomotion

Mechanics

Walking

Whole body mechanics of stealthy walking in cats.

Journal article

2008-11-26

11

3

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043580

e3808

11

Duke

Evolutionary Anthropology

Trinity College of Arts & Sciences

Published

3