Selection of upper instrumented vertebra in adult spinal deformity: risk calculator and recommendations based on proximal junctional kyphosis
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2024-09-01
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BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) presents a complex and multifaceted challenge, further intensified by the need for revision surgery. Determination of the upper instrumented vertebra can often be challenging. PURPOSE: To develop a UIV risk index score for patients undergoing ASD corrective surgery. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective cohort study of a prospectively collected single-center ASD database. PATIENT SAMPLE: ASD. OUTCOME MEASURES: PJK. METHODS: We included operative ASD patients with a minimum of a 2-year follow-up undergoing fusion from at least L1 and proximal to the sacrum. Patients without PJK were isolated to determine predictive thresholds based on patient and surgical factors. Variable importance was determined utilizing random forest analysis to determine the weighting of variables with multivariable logistic regression. Conditional inference tree (CIT) determined threshold values predictive of UIV level in those who didn't develop PJK. RESULTS: A total of 334 patients met inclusion. (Age 63±10, 77% F, BMI 27.6±5.1 kg/m2, frailty 3.5±1.5, CCI 1.9±1.7). The model for predicting PJK was significant for osteoporosis, LL, TK, TLPA, with posterior UIV and IBD UIV (p<.05). Table 1. Baseline UIV slope of >42.4 had a higher rate of PJK postoperatively (63% vs 27%, p<.001). Evaluating factor importance for the selection of UIV determined UIV slope to have the greatest weight, with T1PA, PJK prophylaxis, PI-LL, frailty, osteoporosis, and CCI following in those who didn't have PJK. For those with UIV slope <12.7, selection of upper thoracic UIV was contingent on T1PA being <7 (p=0.018). Patients with UIV slope >27 and T1PA >30 were likely to have UIV in the upper thoracic (T4 mean) in those who didn't develop PJK. Whereas, those with a UIV slope between 12.7 to 30 with T1PA >30 were less likely to develop PJK with a lower thoracic UIV (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The selection of UIV was strongly correlated to UIV slope and T1PA for avoidance of proximal junctional kyphosis. Frailty and lumbar lordosis were important contributors to the model for the selection of optimal UIV. FDA Device/Drug Status: This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
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Scholars@Duke
Peter Passias
Throughout my medical career, I have remained dedicated to improving my patients' quality of life. As a specialist in adult cervical and spinal deformity surgery, I understand the significant impact our interventions have on individuals suffering from debilitating pain and physical and mental health challenges. Spinal deformity surgery merges the complexities of spinal biomechanics with the needs of an aging population. My research focuses on spinal alignment, biomechanics, innovative surgical techniques, and health economics to ensure value-based care that enhances patient outcomes.
Christopher Ignatius Shaffrey
I have more than 25 years of experience treating patients of all ages with spinal disorders. I have had an interest in the management of spinal disorders since starting my medical education. I performed residencies in both orthopaedic surgery and neurosurgery to gain a comprehensive understanding of the entire range of spinal disorders. My goal has been to find innovative ways to manage the range of spinal conditions, straightforward to complex. I have a focus on managing patients with complex spinal disorders. My patient evaluation and management philosophy is to provide engaged, compassionate care that focuses on providing the simplest and least aggressive treatment option for a particular condition. In many cases, non-operative treatment options exist to improve a patient’s symptoms. I have been actively engaged in clinical research to find the best ways to manage spinal disorders in order to achieve better results with fewer complications.
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