Exploring the Factors of Transition after Coal Mine Closure on S Village, X Village, and H Village in L City, Hunan: A Multi-Case Comparative Study

Abstract

This study examines the divergent socio-economic outcomes of three coal-dependent villages (H, S, and X) in L City, Hunan Province, following mine closures. Using qualitative comparative analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations, the research identifies geographic conditions, governance efficacy, and social resilience as key determinants of post-closure transitions. H Village’s success stemmed from urban proximity, proactive governance, and economic diversification, while S and X faced geographic isolation, governance gaps, and skill mismatches. Findings highlight the critical role of location advantages, equitable compensation, and participatory policy design in fostering sustainable transitions. The study recommends shifting from compensation-focused approaches to systemic empowerment, integrating ecological restoration with industrial revitalization, and prioritizing infrastructure investments to break development traps in coal-dependent regions.