Long Distance Seed Dispersal by Forest Elephants
| dc.contributor.author | Poulsen, JR | |
| dc.contributor.author | Beirne, C | |
| dc.contributor.author | Rundel, C | |
| dc.contributor.author | Baldino, M | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kim, S | |
| dc.contributor.author | Knorr, J | |
| dc.contributor.author | Minich, T | |
| dc.contributor.author | Jin, L | |
| dc.contributor.author | Núñez, CL | |
| dc.contributor.author | Xiao, S | |
| dc.contributor.author | Mbamy, W | |
| dc.contributor.author | Obiang, GN | |
| dc.contributor.author | Masseloux, J | |
| dc.contributor.author | Nkoghe, T | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ebanega, MO | |
| dc.contributor.author | Clark, CJ | |
| dc.contributor.author | Fay, MJ | |
| dc.contributor.author | Morkel, P | |
| dc.contributor.author | Okouyi, J | |
| dc.contributor.author | White, LJT | |
| dc.contributor.author | Wright, JP | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-02-01T14:29:46Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-02-01T14:29:46Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-12-22 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2022-02-01T14:29:45Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | By dispersing seeds long distances, large, fruit-eating animals influence plant population spread and community dynamics. After fruit consumption, animal gut passage time and movement determine seed dispersal patterns and distances. These, in turn, are influenced by extrinsic, environmental variables and intrinsic, individual-level variables. We simulated seed dispersal by forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) by integrating gut passage data from wild elephants with movement data from 96 individuals. On average, elephants dispersed seeds 5.3 km, with 89% of seeds dispersed farther than 1 km. The longest simulated seed dispersal distance was 101 km, with an average maximum dispersal distance of 40.1 km. Seed dispersal distances varied among national parks, perhaps due to unmeasured environmental differences such as habitat heterogeneity and configuration, but not with human disturbance or habitat openness. On average, male elephants dispersed seeds farther than females. Elephant behavioral traits strongly influenced dispersal distances, with bold, exploratory elephants dispersing seeds 1.1 km farther than shy, idler elephants. Protection of forest elephants, particularly males and highly mobile, exploratory individuals, is critical to maintaining long distance seed dispersal services that shape plant communities and tropical forest habitat. | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2296-701X | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2296-701X | |
| dc.identifier.uri | ||
| dc.publisher | Frontiers Media SA | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | |
| dc.relation.isversionof | 10.3389/fevo.2021.789264 | |
| dc.subject | seed dispersal | |
| dc.subject | elephant | |
| dc.subject | tropical forest | |
| dc.subject | animal movement | |
| dc.subject | central Africa | |
| dc.subject | gut passage time | |
| dc.subject | long distance dispersal | |
| dc.title | Long Distance Seed Dispersal by Forest Elephants | |
| dc.type | Journal article | |
| duke.contributor.orcid | Poulsen, JR|0000-0002-1532-9808 | |
| duke.contributor.orcid | Wright, JP|0000-0002-9102-5347 | |
| pubs.organisational-group | Duke | |
| pubs.organisational-group | Nicholas School of the Environment | |
| pubs.organisational-group | Environmental Sciences and Policy | |
| pubs.publication-status | Published | |
| pubs.volume | 9 |
Files
Original bundle
- Name:
- Poulsen et al. 2021 FEE.pdf
- Size:
- 1.46 MB
- Format:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Description:
- Published version