"Feeding the baby breast milk shouldn't be a problem" breastfeeding confidence and intention in pregnant persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Thailand.
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2025-01
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Breastfeeding initiation has been found to be lower in pregnant persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no studies have explored the potential impact of T2DM during pregnancy on breastfeeding plans among Thai pregnant persons. This study aimed to describe breastfeeding confidence and intention during pregnancy among Thai pregnant persons with T2DM. This qualitative analysis utilized data from a parent study with a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. This study was guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Framework. Eligible participants were pregnant persons diagnosed with T2DM, aged 20-44 years, and proficient in speaking Thai. The pregnant persons participated in semi-structured interviews and completed three questionnaires: demographic, infant feeding intentions, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics for quantitative data and directed content analysis for qualitative data. Twelve interviews revealed four main themes: breastfeeding intentions during pregnancy, breastfeeding confidence throughout pregnancy, breastfeeding barriers (such as previous challenging experiences and physical distance between mother and baby), and breastfeeding facilitators (including benefits and cost-effectiveness, consumption of Thai foods and herbs, and the availability of breast milk shipping services). This study offers insights into the intentions and confidence of Thai pregnant persons with T2DM regarding breastfeeding their baby after childbirth. To improve breastfeeding outcomes, the pregnancy period could serve as an opportunity to assess breastfeeding confidence, barriers, and facilitators that influence breastfeeding intentions among pregnant persons with diabetes.
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Phonyiam, Ratchanok, Chiao-Hsin Teng, Yamnia I Cortés, Catherine S Sullivan, Aunchalee EL Palmquist, Eric A Hodges and Marianne Baernholdt (2025). "Feeding the baby breast milk shouldn't be a problem" breastfeeding confidence and intention in pregnant persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Thailand. PLOS global public health, 5(2). p. e0004205. 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004205 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/34305.
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Aunchalee E Loscalzo Palmquist
Dr. Aunchalee Palmquist is an Associate Professor of the Practice at the Duke Global Health Institute with a secondary appointment in Cultural Anthropology. She holds a PhD in Medical Anthropology from the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa and is an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC).
Dr. Palmquist is a global health equity scholar, feminist ethnographer, and internationally recognized breastfeeding and human lactation researcher. Her scholarship bridges biocultural medical anthropology and global health. Inspired by feminist anthropology, Indigenous methodologies, bioethics, and human rights frameworks, she uses research to uncover root causes of global health challenges and to imagine new directions for policy, practice, and advocacy. Dr. Palmquist has over 20 years of experience conducting ethnographic, mixed-methods, and community-based participatory research and collaborates on interdisciplinary research with scholars from around the world.
Prior to joining DGHI, Dr. Palmquist was an Assistant Professor at the UNC Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health and the Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute. She was the 2021 recipient of a Gillings Faculty Award for Excellence in Health Equity Research and a two-time recipient of a Teaching Innovation Award in the Gillings School, Department of Maternal and Child Health (2020, 2023). Dr. Palmquist is the recipient of the 2024 American Anthropological Association's Solon T. Kimball Award for Practicing and Applied Anthropology and the 2024-2025 DGHI Graduate Professor of the Year award.
Dr. Palmquist has served as a CGBI representative on the WHO/UNICEF Global Breastfeeding Collective (2017-2023), the Emergency Nutrition Network IFE Core Group (2017-2023), and the United States Breastfeeding Committee as Co-Steward of the COVID-19 Infant and Young Child Feeding Constellation (2020-2023). Dr. Palmquist has previously served as an International Lactation Consultants Association liaison to the United Nations (2017). Her scholarship has been featured in the New York Times, BBC News, NPR, CNN, Associated Press, National Journal, and other media outlets. It has informed national policies and global health guidance related to breastfeeding in emergencies, human milk banking, and human milk sharing.
Unless otherwise indicated, scholarly articles published by Duke faculty members are made available here with a CC-BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial) license, as enabled by the Duke Open Access Policy. If you wish to use the materials in ways not already permitted under CC-BY-NC, please consult the copyright owner. Other materials are made available here through the author’s grant of a non-exclusive license to make their work openly accessible.