Association of Food Insecurity with Childhood Obesity in Singapore

Abstract

Objectives: There is a growing trend of childhood obesity in Singapore. The least financially stable families are spending a significant proportion of their income on food. The study was conducted between June to August 2024 at KKH Women and Children's Hospital weight management clinic, and aims to evaluate the association between childhood obesity and food insecurity in children aged 7-18. It also aims to understand if there is an association between food insecurity and childhood eating behaviours. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were gathered through surveys to evaluate food insecurity in households where children meet the criteria for overweight and obese. The Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) was used to assess the food security status. The study also aimed to find a potential association between eating behaviours and food insecurity. Childhood Eating Behaviours Questionnaires (CEBQ) were administered to the child’s guardian to identify factors influencing eating behaviours. Results: 71 participants were recruited and the Majority of children were Male, of Chinese origin and Singapore citizens. 49% of families screened positive for food insecurity. HFSSM scores highlighted that adults took a significant proportion of the burden of food insecurity in the household. Only one child was deemed severely food insecure. There was no association identified between food insecurity and BMI Z scores. However, there was an association identified between less food insecurity and enjoyment in food. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of food insecurity amongst families whose children are managed at the weight management clinic. This has direct implications on adults with them sacrificing their meals to ensure their children eat. In addition, it impacts children’s eating behaviours which can lead to obesity.