From cool to non-cool: California's 'non-menthol' cigarettes in 2025.
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2026
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Since late 2022, the sale of most flavored tobacco products has been prohibited in California, including menthol cigarettes. Tobacco companies responded by introducing 'non-menthol' cigarettes in which menthol was replaced with WS-3, an odorless synthetic cooling agent to elicit cooling sensations similar to menthol. Legislation enacted in 2024 banned the addition of cooling characterizing flavors in tobacco products in California. However, the industry continues to market 'non-menthol' cigarettes in the state, with very similar package designs. The aim of this study was to verify whether cooling agents were removed from these cigarettes. Available Newport-branded 'non-menthol' cigarettes were purchased in California in 2025, extracted and tested for sensory cooling activity by Ca2+ microfluorimetry of HEK293T cells expressing the human TRPM8 cold/menthol receptor. Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GCMS). 'Non-menthol' and menthol cigarettes marketed in 2023-2024 served as controls. While extracts from Newport 'non-menthol' and menthol cigarettes marketed in California in 2023 produced a TRPM8-mediated Ca2+ increase of 60 ± 8% and 39 ± 3%, (p<0.0001, n=3) respectively, responses elicited by extracts of Newport 'non-menthol' cigarettes marketed in 2025 were indistinguishable from baseline (p=0.48, n=3). Chemical analysis confirmed no menthol or WS-3 above the level of detection (10 μg/cigarette), and no other major commercial synthetic cooling agents. The tobacco industry removed sensory cooling agents from 'non-menthol' cigarettes marketed in California. However, this did not result in the market withdrawal of 'non-menthol' cigarettes in the state. 'Non-menthol' cigarettes in California continue to be marketed with package designs resembling those of former menthol cigarettes, signaling the potential presence of a characterizing flavor.
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Jabba, Sairam V, Hanno C Erythropel, Paul T Anastas, Stephanie S O'Malley, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin, Julie B Zimmerman and Sven E Jordt (2026). From cool to non-cool: California's 'non-menthol' cigarettes in 2025. Tob Prev Cessat, 12(May). pp. 1–5. 10.18332/tpc/217322 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/34734.
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Scholars@Duke
Sairam V. Jabba
Sven Eric Jordt
Research in the Jordt laboratory focuses on the mechanisms that enable humans and animals to sense touch, pain and irritation. These fundamental sensations originate in peripheral sensory neurons which contain signaling pathways that translate environmental physical and chemical stimuli into neural activity. Our aims are to identify the molecular components of these pathways and to understand how sensory neurons become activated and sensitized during injury, inflammation and chronic painful conditions. The lab uses molecular, genetic and physiological techniques with a focus on models that closely mimic human conditions.
Current projects focus on:
1) Ion channels and New Targets in Pain: The Jordt lab investigates the role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels, a group of ion channels that activate sensory neurons and pain sensations in response to thermal (hot, cold) and chemical stimuli. TRP channels were identified through their interactions with natural products such as capsaicin (in chili peppers), mustard oil (in mustard and wasabi) and menthol (in peppermint), and were shown to be involved in many painful conditions, including arthritis, diabetes and infections. The Jordt lab is studying the actions of TRP channel inhibitors in pain models and investigates mechanisms through which natural products such as menthol and eucalyptol inhibit acute and inflammatory pain.
2) Allergies, Asthma and Itch: Sensory neurons mediate the sensations of itch, irritation and respiratory discomfort in allergic conditions. Research in the Jordt laboratory has revealed that blocking sensory nerves by targeting their receptors alleviates asthmatic conditions and also diminishes itch and inflammation in allergic contact dermatitis. We developed a unique model of poison ivy contact dermatitis we study to identify novel treatments to suppress itch in conditions unresponsive to antihistamines.
3) Chemical Exposure Injuries and Tear Gas Agents: Supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the NIH Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats Program (CounterACT)since 2006, the Jordt laboratory has made key contributions to research understanding the injury mechanisms following toxic chemical exposures. We identified TRPA1 as a target of chlorine gas and many other toxic exposures eliciting incapacitating pain, inflammation and organ injury. The Jordt laboratory is actively working with federal agencies and industry partners to identify additional targets and develop countermeasures that improve health outcomes following chemical exposures. Other studies focus on tear gas agents (CS, CN) and their potentially toxic effects, a topic Dr. Jordt has been interviewed on frequently by the public press.
4) Tobacco Regulatory Science: Menthol cigarettes are increasingly popular, especially with adolescent beginning smokers. Applying our expertise in chemical sensory biology the Jordt lab demonstrated that menthol reduces the irritation sensed when inhaling smoke and increases markers of nicotine uptake. These effects are mediated by TRPM8, the cold/menthol receptor in sensory neurons innervating the respiratory system. This work is funded by programs from the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) through a Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS) in collaboration with Yale University, also supporting studies on flavor additives in electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.
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