A Spectrum of Stakeholder Perspective Taking in Early-Stage Design
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2023-07-01
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Stakeholder perspective taking is a critical skill in early-stage problem exploration and framing. We examined stakeholder perspective taking within an early-stage design team of engineers at NASA to begin to understand in what ways and under what conditions designers adopt stakeholder perspectives in the context of professional engineering organizations. Our findings identify a spectrum of perspective taking during problem framing deliberations that ranges from (1) fully taking the stakeholder's point of view (POV), (2) interpreting the stakeholder's POV using the designer's POV, (3) implanting the stakeholder's POV into the designer's POV, to (4) fully taking the designer's own POV. We also identify and describe conditions that appeared to encourage or hinder perspective taking in this setting. These findings are significant because they suggest ways to gauge and encourage the skill of stakeholder perspective taking among professional engineers working on real-world design challenges with societal implications.
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Scholars@Duke
Eric Brubaker
Engineer, designer, and program leader with 15+ years of design experience, currently responsible for the Discovery phase of the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions project at NASA: ~40 people organized into design sprint teams exploring the intersection of aeronautics and other sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and sustainability to co-design futures with communities "for the benefit of all humankind."
Adjunct Professor and educator at heart having taught hands-on design, making, entrepreneurship, and critical inquiry courses since 2011. Developed and taught courses with roughly 750 professional, graduate, and undergraduate students at Duke, MIT, Stanford, and the University of San Diego in Mechanical Engineering, Management Science & Engineering, and a transdisciplinary Masters in Engineering, Sustainability, & Health (20+ terms of eight courses).
Researcher and ethnographer studying how people co-design across disciplinary, organizational, cultural, and human-AI boundaries with best paper awards from the Design Society, ASME Design Theory & Methodology Division, and ASEE Design Engineering Education Division.
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